In order to investigate the effect of heavy metals on pulmonary surfactant (PS) membranes, the interaction between different types and concentrations of heavy metal ions and PS monolayer membranes were studied using Langmuir-Wilhelmy membrane balances. The six heavy metal ions of Cr3+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ all expanded the π-A isotherm G-LE phase transition phase of PS monolayer, while Fe3+ induced monolayer condensation. Subsequently, Cd2+, Cu2+, Hg2+and Fe3+ were selected to further investigate the effect of heavy metal concentration on the surface activity of PS monolayer films,the compressible modulus analysis was carried out, and the mechanism of action was explored by combining infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Cu2+, Fe3+ and Hg2+ all cooperated with the polar head of PS monolayer in a concentration-dependent manner to form a complex and change the stability of the membrane, while the effect of Cd2+ was obviously weaker than the other three metal ions, but it could also enhance the PS monolayer order.
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