浙江典型海湾潮间带沉积物污染及生态风险评价

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摘要

基于浙江4个典型海湾潮间带表层沉积物重金属元素Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、Hg、As和多氯联苯（PCB）的调查结果，探究其污染特征、潜在生态风险和来源.结果表明，海湾潮间带表层沉积物Cd、Hg、As、PCB含量均符合国家海洋沉积物质量Ⅰ类标准；42%、9%、3%、12%站位的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr符合国家海洋沉积物质量II类标准，1%站位的Cu和Zn符合国家海洋沉积物质量III类标准.区域污染程度（PLI_zone）依次为乐清湾 > 三门湾 > 象山港 > 杭州湾，乐清湾潮间带沉积环境为中等污染，杭州湾、象山港和三门湾潮间带沉积环境无污染.区域生态风险（RI）依次为乐清湾 > 杭州湾 > 三门湾 > 象山港，乐清湾和杭州湾潮间带沉积物为中潜在生态风险，三门湾和象山港潮间带沉积物为低潜在生态风险.Cd是首要的潜在生态风险因子，Cd对杭州湾、象山港、三门湾、乐清湾潜在生态风险指数（RI）的贡献分别为63%、54%、58%和55%.生活污水、工农业和交通污染是浙江典型海湾潮间带重金属和PCB的主要来源.

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关键词 ：沉积物, 重金属, 多氯联苯, 潮间带, 生态风险

Abstract：

This study investigated the pollution characteristics of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, Hg, As) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in sediments across 4 typical intertidal zone areas in Zhejiang province and discussed the distribution, the potential ecological risks and their sources. The results showed that the contents of Cd, Hg, As, and PCB in surface sediments reached China's national first-class benchmark of marine sediment quality. The 42% of Cu, 9% of Zn, 3% of Pb, and 12% of Cr samples reached the China's national second-class benchmark. Only 1% of Cu and Zn samples dropped the China's national third-class benchmark. The integrated pollution degrees followed the order Yueqing Bay > Sanmen Bay > Xiangshan Bay > Hangzhou Bay, with a moderate pollution level in Yueqing Bay, and no pollution in other bays. The comprehensive potential ecological risks followed the order Yueqing Bay > Hangzhou Bay > Sanmen Bay > Xiangshan Bay, with a moderate risk level in Yueqing Bay and Hangzhou Bay, and a low risk level in Sanmen Bay and Xiangshan Bay. Cd was the primary potential ecological risk factor, who contributed for the potential ecological risk index (RI) by 63%, 54%, 58%, and 55% in Hangzhou Bay, Xiangshan Bay, Sanmen Bay, and Yueqing Bay, respectively. Domestic wastewater, agriculture, industrial production, and transportation were the main sources of heavy metals and PCB pollutions.

Key words： sediment heavy metals polychlorinated biphenyls intertidal zone ecological risk

收稿日期: 2019-09-12

PACS:

X55

基金资助:

国家海洋公益性行业科研专项（201305012）；浙江省重点研发计划项目（2017C03037）

通讯作者: 宋琍琍,教授级高工,songlili8168@163.com E-mail: songlili8168@163.com

作者简介: 陈思杨(1984-),女,重庆人,工程师,博士,主要从事污染生态方面的研究.发表论文15篇.

引用本文:

陈思杨, 宋琍琍, 刘希真, 刘瑞娟, 余骏. 浙江典型海湾潮间带沉积物污染及生态风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020, 40(4): 1771-1781. CHEN Si-yang, SONG Li-li, LIU Xi-zhen, LIU Rui-juan, YU Jun. Evaluation on sediment pollution and potential ecological risks in the intertidal zone of typical bays in Zhejiang Province. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2020, 40(4): 1771-1781.

链接本文:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2020/V40/I4/1771

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