Abstract：In this study, a novel chlorobenzene (CB)-degrading strain was isolated on the contaminated site and identified as Serratia marcescans TF-1. The assimilation degradation analysis showed that CB can be used by strain TF-1as the sole carbon source and energy under aerobic conditions, and the corresponding average growth rate, the maximum specific growth rate (μmax), the CB degradation rate, and the maximum CB tolerance concentration were 0.0063~0.022gcell/(molCB·h), 0.015~0.42h-1, 1.35~4.47mol/(gcell·h), 200mg/L, respectively. Moreover, sodium succinate and sodium citrate can be co-metabolized by strain TF-1as substrates. μmax (sodium citrate), μmax (sodium succinate), VCB(sodium citrate) and VCB(sodium succinate) were 0.21~0.87h‑1, 0.20~0.81h‑1, 0.15~0.47mol/(gcell·h) and 0.17~0.48mol/(gcell·h) respectively, when CB concentration was less than 80mg/L, and μmax (sodium citrate), μmax (sodium succinate), VCB(sodium citrate) and VCB(sodium succinate) were 0.086~0.21h‑1, 0.17~0.25h‑1, 0.61~1.11mol/(gcell·h) and 0.56~0.95mol/(gcell·h) respectively, when CB concentration was greater than 80mg/L. The results showed that the substrate type is the key factor in the co-metabolic degradation. Finally, the effects of temperature, pH and inoculation concentration on the degradation of CB by TF-1 were investigated. The results showed that the growth temperature and pH range of TF-1 were 20~35℃ and 5~9, respectively. The optimal growth temperature of 30℃, pH of 7 and inoculation concentration of 5% were also obtained. The results indicated that TF-1 had a wider temperature and pH application range, stronger degradation ability, and higher tolerance to pollutant concentration. In addition, CB could be used directly or co-metabolized by strain TF-1, which was suitable for application in oligotrophic and eutrophic contaminated sites. This study provided effective biological resources for in-situ CB contaminated site remediation.
Pandey R A, Joshi P R, Mudliar S N, et al. Biological treatment of waste gas containing mixture of monochlorobenzene (MCB) and benzene in a bench scale biofilter[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2010, 101(14):5168-5174.
[2]
司涵,黄琼,陶涛,等. La-M-Co-O/堇青石催化剂的制备及催化氧化氯苯[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(10):4314-4322.Si H, Huang Q, Tao T, et al. Study on the preparation and catalytic oxidation of chlorobenzene over La-M-Co-O/cordierite catalysts[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(10):4314-4322.
[3]
Gouin T, Mackay D, Jones K C, et al. Evidence for the "grasshopper" effect and fractionation during long-range transport of organic contaminants[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2004,128(1/2):139-148.
[4]
阮静雯,黄瑾璟,罗宾,等.基于硅酮母粒的两相分配气升式生物反应器处理氯苯废气的研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2019,39(11):3740-3747.Ruan J W, Huang J J, Luo B, et al. Effect of silicone masterbatch on the removal of gaseous clorobenzene in a two-phase partitioning airlift bioreactor[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2019,39(11):3740-3747.
[5]
Gomez F, Sartaj M. Field scale ex-situ bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil under cold climate conditions[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2013,85:375-382.
[6]
Panagos P, Van Liedekerke M, Yigini Y, et al. Contaminated sites in Europe:review of the current situation based on data collected through a European network[J]. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2013,11:1-11.
[7]
赵天涛,杨旭,邢志林,等.填埋场覆盖土对典型氯代烃的吸附特性[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018,38(4):1403-1410.Zhao T T, Yang X, Xing Z L, et al. Adsorption of chlorinated hydrocarbons in landfill cover soil[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018,38(4):1403-1410.
[8]
Giudice A L, Casella P, Caruso C, et al. Occurrence and characterization of psychrotolerant hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria from surface seawater along the Victoria Land coast (Antarctica)[J]. Polar Biology, 2010,33(7):929-943.
[9]
Martínez Álvarez L, Ruberto L, Lo Balbo A, et al. Bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils in cold regions:Development of a pre-optimized biostimulation biopile-scale field assay in Antarctica[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017,17(1):194-203.
[10]
聂国锋,李莎,姜理英,等.DBD协同CuO/MnO2耦合生物滴滤塔降解氯苯的工艺性能分析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2017,37(2):528-537.Nie G F, Li S, Jiang L, et al. Chlorobenzene removal in the coupling system consisting of DBD with CuO/MnO2 and biotrickling filter[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2017,37(2):528-537.
[11]
Ma X W, Zhang Z, Wu H, et al. Adsorption of volatile organic compounds at medium-high temperature conditions by activated carbons[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2020,34(3):3679-3690.
[12]
李银生,段钰锋,刘猛,等.团絮状双效催化聚苯硫醚滤料反应参数及机理[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019,39(6):2344-2353.Li Y S, Duan Y F, Liu M, et al. Reaction parameters and mechanism of flocculent multifunction polyphenylene sulfide filter[J]. China Environmental Science, 2019,39(6):2344-2353.
[13]
Zhang L, Anderson W A. Kinetic analysis of the photochemical decomposition of gas-phase chlorobenzene in a UV reactor:quantum yield and photonic efficiency[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2013, 218:247-252.
[14]
魏学锋,孙治荣. Pd/Ti电极上2,4,6-三氯酚还原脱氯:条件优化及降解途径[J]. 中国环境科学, 2014,34(9):2285-2291.Wei X F, Sun Z R. et al. Reductive dechlorination of 2,4,6-TCP on Pd/Ti electrode:parameters optimization and degradation pathway[J]. China Environmental Science, 2014,34(9):2285-2291.
[15]
Jiang L, Li H, Chen J, et al. Combination of non-thermal plasma and biotrickling filter for chlorobenzene removal[J]. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2016,91(12):3079-3087.
[16]
Rehfuss M, Urban J. Rhodococcus phenolicus sp. nov., a novel bioprocessor isolated actinomycete with the ability to degrade chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene and phenol as sole carbon sources[J]. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 2005,28(8):695-701.
[17]
Baptista I I R, Zhou N Y, Emanuelsson E A C, et al. Evidence of species succession during chlorobenzene biodegradation[J]. Biotechnology & Bioengineering, 2008,99(1):68-74.
[18]
Li L Z, Leng S Q, Zhu R Y, et al. Degradation of chlorobenzene by strain Ralstonia pickettii L2isolated from a biotrickling filter treating a chlorobenzene-contaminated gas stream[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2011,91(2):407-415.
[19]
He L, Liu Y H, Luo N, et al. Biodegradation of benzene and its derivatives by a psychrotolerant and moderately haloalkaliphilic Planococcus sp. strain ZD22[J]. Research in Microbiology, 2006, 157(7):629-636.
[20]
Trupti K V, Shruti. Chlorobenzene degradation by Bacillus sp. TAS6CB:A potential candidate to remediate chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminated sites[J]. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 2015,55(3):382-388.
[21]
Nguyen O T, Ha D D. Degradation of chlorotoluenes and chlorobenzenes by the dual-species biofilm of Comamonas testosteroni strain KT5and Bacillus subtilis strain DKT[J]. Annals of Microbiology, 2019,69:267-277.
[22]
Moreira I S, Amorim C L, Carvalho M F, et al. Co-metabolic degradation of chlorobenzene by the fluorobenzene degrading wild strain Labrys portucalensis[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2012,72(8):76-81.
[23]
Kaschl A, Vogt C, Uhlig S, et al. Isotopic fractionation indicates anaerobic monochlorobenzene biodegradation[J]. Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry, 2005,24(6):1315-1324.
[24]
Bajaj S, Singh D K, Biodegradation of persistent organic pollutants in soil, water and pristine sites by cold-adapted microorganisms:Mini review[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2015,100:98-105.
[25]
Nishino S F, Spain J C, Pettigrew C A. Biodegradation of chlorobenzene by indigenous bacteria[J]. Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry, 1994,13(6):871-877.
[26]
Liang X, Howlett M R, Nelson J L, et al. Pathway-dependent isotope fractionation during aerobic and anaerobic degradation of monochlorobenzene and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011,45(19):8321-8327.
[27]
Vyas T K, Murthy S R. Chlorobenzene degradation by Bacillus sp. TAS6CB:A potential candidate to remediate chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminated sites[J]. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 2015,55(3):382-388.
[28]
Brahushi F, Kengara F O, Song Y, et al. Fate Processes of chlorobenzenes in soil and potential remediation strategies:a review[J]. Pedosphere, 2017,27(3):407-420.
[29]
Aleer S, Adetutu E M, Weber J, et al. Potential impact of soil microbial heterogeneity on the persistence of hydrocarbons in contaminated subsurface soils[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2014,136(1):27-36.
[30]
Guerin T F. Ex-situ bioremediation of chlorobenzenes in soil[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008,154(1-3):9-20.
[31]
Sharma A, Thakur R S, Jaloree S. Phylogenetic tree construction of bacterial species using clustering algorithms in MEGA 7[J]. International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, 2019, 7(5):1154-1157.
[32]
Singh S, Chandra R, Patel D K, et al. Isolation and characterization of novel Serratia marcescens (AY927692) for pentachlorophenol degradation from pulp and paper mill waste[J]. World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2007,23(12):747-754.
[33]
Karamba K I, Ahmad S A, Zulkharnain A, et al. Biodegradation of cyanide and evaluation of kinetic models by immobilized cells of Serratia marcescens strain AQ07[J]. International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, 2017,14:1945-1958.
[34]
Li C, Lan Y, Zhang J, et al. Biodegradation of methidathion by Serratia sp. in pure cultures using an orthogonal experiment design, and its application in detoxification of the insecticide on crops[J]. Annals of Microbiology, 2013,63(2):451-459.
[35]
Moreira D S M, Colla T S, Bücker F, et al. Biodegradation potential of Serratia marcescens for diesel/biodiesel blends[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2016,110:141-146.
[36]
Tina Andrea M, Christoph W, Jim S, et al. Evolution of a chlorobenzene degradative pathway among bacteria in a contaminated groundwater mediated by a genomic island in Ralstonia[J]. Environmental Microbiology, 2003,5(3):63-73.
[37]
Zhang Y, Tay J H. Rate limiting factors in trichloroethylene co-metabolic degradation by phenol-grown aerobic granules[J]. Biodegradation, 2014,25(2):227-237.
[38]
张晶,王战勇,苏婷婷.氯苯降解菌的筛选及降解条件[J]. 辽宁化工石油大学学报, 2005,25(1):1-4.Zhang J, Wang Z Y, Su T T, Isolation of a strain of degrading chlorobenzene and its degrading conditions[J]. Journal of Liaoning University of Petroleum Chemical Technology, 2005,25(1):1-4.
[39]
王永强,毕贵芹,张洪林,等.氯苯降解菌的筛选及其降解特性的研究[J]. 工业用水与废水, 2003,34(6):1-2.Wang Y Q, Bi G Q, Zhang H L, et al. Screening of chlorobenzene-degrading bacteria and a study of their degrading performance[J]. Industry Water&Waste water, 2003,34(6):1-2.
[40]
李明堂,郝林琳,崔俊涛,等.好氧氯苯降解菌的分离鉴定[J]. 微生物学报, 2010,50(5):586-592.Li M T, Hao L L, Cui J T, et al. Identification and characterization of an aerobic bacterium degrading chlorobenzene[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2010,50(5):586-592.
[41]
Kaschl A, Vogt C, Uhlig S, et al. Isotopic fractionation indicates anaerobic monochlorobenzene biodegradation[J]. Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry, 2005,24(6):1315-1324.
