我国东北地区土壤铀同位素水平、分布和来源

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摘要系统采集了我国东北地区132个表层土壤样品，采用混合酸全溶分解样品，使用UTEVA萃取色谱分离样品溶液中的铀，应用串联四极杆电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS/MS）测量样品溶液中²³⁸U、²³⁵U、²³⁴U，获得了研究区域表层土壤中3种铀同位素浓度水平和分布.首次大范围报道该地区表土中²³⁴U水平，发现在部分土壤中²³⁴U发生明显的同位素分馏.²³⁵U/²³⁸U原子比值分布显示区域大气核武器试验的放射性颗粒物在山脉迎风坡有明显沉积，导致大兴安岭等山脉的西侧²³⁵U/²³⁸U原子比值较高.但该区域铀同位素整体上处于环境本底水平，受人类核活动影响较小.来源分析表明研究区域表土中铀主要来源于成土母岩的岩石风化以及人类的工业和农业活动.

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	黄钊
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关键词 ：铀, ICP-MS/MS, 环境放射性, 土壤, 同位素分馏, ²³⁵U/²³⁸U, ²³⁴U/²³⁸U

Abstract：In total 132 surface soil samples were collected from Northeast China. The ground and homogenized soil was completely dissolved using mixed acids. Uranium was separated from the sample matrix by extraction chromatography using UTEVA resin, and uranium isotopes in the separated sample were then measured by a triple quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) to learn the level and distribution of ²³⁸U, ²³⁵U, ²³⁴U concentrations in surface soil of the study. The ²³⁴U in surface soil of this area was reported first time, and an obvious isotope fractionation of ²³⁴U was observed in some soil samples indicated by the increased ²³⁴U/²³⁸U ratios. The distribution of ²³⁵U/²³⁸U atomic ratios in these surface soil samples showed an obvious regional deposition of uranium derived from atmospheric nuclear weapon tests the windward slope of the mountain. Consequently, the level of ²³⁵U/²³⁸U atomic ratios in the surface soil in west site of Greater Khingan Mountain were higher than other places. The level of uranium isotopes in surface soil was comparable to the environmental background level in other places, indicating negligible impacts from human nuclear activities. The source analysis showed that uranium isotopes in surface soil were dominated by rock weathering, human industrial and agricultural activities also contributed moderately in some areas.

Key words： Uranium ICP-MS/MS environmental radioactivity soil isotope disequilibrium ²³⁵U/²³⁸U ²³⁴U/²³⁸U

收稿日期: 2020-10-28

PACS:

X53

基金资助:科技部基础性工作专项项目（2015FY110800）；中国科学院国际合作项目（132B61KYSB20180003）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（11875261）

通讯作者: 侯小琳,研究员,houxl@ieecas.cn E-mail: houxl@ieecas.cn

作者简介: 黄钊(1996-),男,甘肃民勤人,中国科学院地球环境研究所博士研究生,主要研究方向为放射分析化学及环境示踪.发表论文1篇.

引用本文:

黄钊, 侯小琳, 赵雪, 张路远. 我国东北地区土壤铀同位素水平、分布和来源[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021, 41(5): 2343-2351. HUANG Zhao, HOU Xiao-lin, ZHAO Xue, ZHANG Lu-yuan. Uranium isotopes in surface soil in Inner Mongolia and northwest China: level, distribution and sources. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2021, 41(5): 2343-2351.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2021/V41/I5/2343

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