Recent progress of the effect of suspended sediment movement on the transport of microplastics in rivers
WANG Xin-jie, WANG Yi-ning, ZHAO Jian, LIU Sheng-dong, XIA Xing-hui, LI Yang
Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Abstract：This review summarized the occurrence and abundance of microplastics (MPs) firstly and then the main transformation processes of MPs in rivers, including aggregation, settling, rising, resuspension, horizontal migration, and hyporheic exchange. In this paper, we critically evaluated the transportation of MPs in sediment-laden river, such as the heteroaggregation and co-settling of MPs with suspended sediments, influence of sediments on the resuspension and infiltration of MPs. The interaction mechanisms between suspended sediments and MPs concerning influencing factors of MP transportation have been discussed. Finally, recommendations for future research were discussed:(1) reliable models for predicting the migration process and flux of MPs in rivers are needed to develop; (2) researchers are suggested to use aged-MPs to conduct experiments, and consider the effect of turbulent water and organisms on the transportation behavior of MPs during laboratory work.
王薪杰, 王一宁, 赵俭, 刘晟东, 夏星辉, 李阳. 河流水沙运动对微塑料运移过程影响研究进展[J]. 中国环境科学, 2022, 42(2): 863-877.
WANG Xin-jie, WANG Yi-ning, ZHAO Jian, LIU Sheng-dong, XIA Xing-hui, LI Yang. Recent progress of the effect of suspended sediment movement on the transport of microplastics in rivers. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2022, 42(2): 863-877.
Cole M, Galloway T S. Ingestion of nanoplastics and microplastics by Pacific oyster larvae[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2015, 49(24):14625-14632.
[2]
Ter Halle A, Ladirat L, Gendre X, et al. Understanding the fragmentation pattern of marine plastic debris[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2016,50(11):5668-5675.
[3]
Brewer A, Dror I, Berkowitz B. The mobility of plastic nanoparticles in aqueous and soil environments:A critical review[J]. ACS ES&T Water, 2020,1(1):48-57.
[4]
Liu J, Ma Y, Zhu D, et al. Polystyrene nanoplastics-enhanced contaminant transport:Role of irreversible adsorption in glassy polymeric domain[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018,52(5):2677-2685.
[5]
Wagner S, Reemtsma T. Things we know and don't know about nanoplastic in the environment[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2019, 14(4):300-301.
[6]
Godoy V, Blazquez G, Calero M, et al. The potential of microplastics as carriers of metals[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2019,255(3):113363.
[7]
Guo B, Meng J, Wang X, et al. Quantification of pesticide residues on plastic mulching films in typical farmlands of the North China[J]. Frontiers of Environmental Science Engineering, 2020,14(1):1-10.
[8]
马思睿,李舒行,郭学涛.微塑料的老化特性、机制及其对污染物吸附影响的研究进展[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(9):3992-4003. Ma S, Li S, Guo X. A review on aging characteristics, mechanism of microplastics and their effects on the adsorption behaviors of pollutants[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(9):3992-4003.
[9]
Alam F C, Sembiring E, Muntalif B S, et al. Microplastic distribution in surface water and sediment river around slum and industrial area (case study:Ciwalengke River, Majalaya district, Indonesia)[J]. Chemosphere, 2019,224:637-645.
[10]
Castelvetro V, Corti A, Bianchi S, et al. Quantification of poly (ethylene terephthalate) micro-and nanoparticle contaminants in marine sediments and other environmental matrices[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020,385:121517.
[11]
Bilotta G S, Brazier R E. Understanding the influence of suspended solids on water quality and aquatic biota[J]. Water Research, 2008, 42(12):2849-2861.
[12]
Hu P, Guo C, Zhang Y, et al. Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of abused drugs and their metabolites in a typical urban river in north China[J]. Frontiers of Environmental Science Engineering, 2019,13(4):1-11.
[13]
Tang W, Sun L, Shu L, et al. Evaluating heavy metal contamination of riverine sediment cores in different land-use areas[J]. Frontiers of Environmental Science Engineering, 2020,14(6):1-11.
[14]
Wang S, Fu B, Piao S, et al. Reduced sediment transport in the Yellow River due to anthropogenic changes[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2016,9(1):38-41.
[15]
Yang X, Flynn R, Von Der Kammer F, et al. Influence of ionic strength and pH on the limitation of latex microsphere deposition sites on iron-oxide coated sand by humic acid[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2011,159(7):1896-1904.
[16]
Li Y, Wang X, Fu W, et al. Interactions between nano/micro plastics and suspended sediment in water:implications on aggregation and settling[J]. Water Research, 2019,161:486-495.
[17]
Long M, Paul-Pont I, Hégaret H, et al. Interactions between polystyrene microplastics and marine phytoplankton lead to species-specific hetero-aggregation[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017,228:454-463.
[18]
Huffer T, Praetorius A, Wagner S, et al. Microplastic exposure assessment in aquatic environments:learning from similarities and differences to engineered nanoparticles[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017,51(5):2499-2507.
[19]
Yan M, Wang L, Dai Y, et al. Behavior of microplastics in inland waters:aggregation, settlement, and transport[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2021:700-709.
[20]
Horton A A, Walton A, Spurgeon D J, et al. Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments:evaluating the current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research priorities[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017,586:127-141.
[21]
Schmidt C, Krauth T, Wagner S. Export of plastic debris by rivers into the sea[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017,51(21):12246-12253.
[22]
Yang L, Zhang Y, Kang S, et al. Microplastics in freshwater sediment:A review on methods, occurrence, and sources[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020:141948.
[23]
Shahul Hamid F, Bhatti M S, Anuar N, et al. Worldwide distribution and abundance of microplastic:how dire is the situation?[J]. Waste Management & Research, 2018,36(10):873-897.
[24]
Alimi O S, Farner Budarz J, Hernandez L M, et al. Microplastics and nanoplastics in aquatic environments:aggregation, deposition, and enhanced contaminant transport[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018,52(4):1704-1724.
[25]
Lechner A, Keckeis H, Lumesberger-Loisl F, et al. The Danube so colourful:A potpourri of plastic litter outnumbers fish larvae in Europe's second largest river[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2014,188:177-181.
[26]
Bellasi A, Binda G, Pozzi A, et al. Microplastic contamination in freshwater environments:a review, focusing on interactions with sediments and benthic organisms[J]. Environments, 2020,7(4):30.
[27]
Lin L, Zuo L Z, Peng J P, et al. Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in an urban river:a case study in the Pearl River along Guangzhou City, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 644:375-381.
[28]
Hu L, Chernick M, Hinton D E, et al. Microplastics in small waterbodies and tadpoles from Yangtze River Delta, China[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018,52(15):8885-8893.
[29]
Zhang L, Liu J, Xie Y, et al. Distribution of microplastics in surface water and sediments of Qin river in Beibu Gulf, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,708:135176.
[30]
Wu N, Zhang Y, Zhang X, et al. Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in the surface water and sediment of two typical estuaries in Bohai Bay, China[J]. Environmental Science:Processes & Impacts, 2019,21(7):1143-1152.
[31]
Lenaker P L, Baldwin A K, Corsi S R, et al. Vertical distribution of microplastics in the water column and surficial sediment from the Milwaukee River Basin to Lake Michigan[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2019,53(21):12227-12237.
[32]
Rodrigues M O, Abrantes N, Goncalves F J M, et al. Spatial and temporal distribution of microplastics in water and sediments of a freshwater system (Antua River, Portugal)[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018,633:1549-1559.
[33]
Vermaire J C, Pomeroy C, Herczegh S M, et al. Microplastic abundance and distribution in the open water and sediment of the Ottawa River, Canada, and its tributaries[J]. Facets, 2017,2:301-314.
[34]
Adomat Y, Grischek T. Sampling and processing methods of microplastics in river sediments -A review[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021,758:143691.
[35]
Aljaibachi R, Callaghan A. Impact of polystyrene microplastics on Daphnia magna mortality and reproduction in relation to food availability[J]. PeerJ, 2018,6:e4601.
[36]
Liu Y, You J, Li Y, et al. Insights into the horizontal and vertical profiles of microplastics in a river emptying into the sea affected by intensive anthropogenic activities in Northern China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021,779:146589.
[37]
Yin H, Liu Q, Deng X, et al. Organophosphate esters in water, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediments of the Minjiang River, China[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2021.
[38]
He B, Smith M, Egodawatta P, et al. Dispersal and transport of microplastics in river sediments[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2021, 279:116884.
[39]
Wang X, Bolan N, Tsang D C W, et al. A review of microplastics aggregation in aquatic environment:influence factors, analytical methods, and environmental implications[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021,402:123496.
[40]
Wang X, Li Y, Zhao J, et al. UV-induced aggregation of polystyrene nanoplastics:effects of radicals, surface functional groups and electrolyte[J]. Environmental Science:Nano, 2020,7(12):3914-3926.
[41]
Kowalski N, Reichardt A M, Waniek J J. Sinking rates of microplastics and potential implications of their alteration by physical, biological, and chemical factors[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2016,109(1):310-319.
[42]
张晓栋,刘志飞,张艳伟,等.海洋微塑料源汇搬运过程的研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019,34(9):936-949. Zhang X D, Liu Z F, Zhang Y W, et al. Research progress on source-to-sink transport processes of marine microplastics[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2019,34(9):936-949.
[43]
Long M, Moriceau B, Gallinari M, et al. Interactions between microplastics and phytoplankton aggregates:Impact on their respective fates[J]. Marine Chemistry, 2015,175:39-46.
[44]
Zhang Z, Chen Y. Effects of microplastics on wastewater and sewage sludge treatment and their removal:a review[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019,382:122955.
[45]
Singh N, Tiwari E, Khandelwal N, et al. Understanding the stability of nanoplastics in aqueous environments:effect of ionic strength, temperature, dissolved organic matter, clay, and heavy metals[J]. Environmental Science:Nano, 2019,6(10):2968-2976.
[46]
Oriekhova O, Stoll S. Heteroaggregation of nanoplastic particles in the presence of inorganic colloids and natural organic matter[J]. Environmental Science:Nano, 2018,5(3):792-799.
[47]
Abbas Q, Yousaf B, Amina, et al. Transformation pathways and fate of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in distinct interactive environmental compartments:a review[J]. Environment International, 2020,138:105646.
[48]
Jia D, Hamilton J, Zaman L M, et al. The time, size, viscosity, and temperature dependence of the Brownian motion of polystyrene microspheres[J]. American Journal of Physics, 2007,75(2):111-115.
[49]
Sun H, Jiao R, Wang D. The difference of aggregation mechanism between microplastics and nanoplastics:Role of Brownian motion and structural layer force[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2021,268:115942.
[50]
Andersen T J, Rominikan S, Olsen I S, et al. Flocculation of PVC microplastic and fine-grained cohesive sediment at environmentally realistic concentrations[J]. The Biological Bulletin, 2021,240(1):42-51.
[51]
Wong J K H, Lee K K, Tang K H D, et al. Microplastics in the freshwater and terrestrial environments:Prevalence, fates, impacts and sustainable solutions[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 719:137512.
[52]
Phenrat T, Saleh N, Sirk K, et al. Aggregation and sedimentation of aqueous nanoscale zerovalent iron dispersions[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2007,41(1):284-290.
[53]
Waldschlager K, Schuttrumpf H. Effects of particle properties on the settling and rise velocities of microplastics in freshwater under laboratory conditions[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2019, 53(4):1958-1966.
[54]
Velzeboer I, Quik J T, Van De Meent D, et al. Rapid settling of nanoparticles due to heteroaggregation with suspended sediment[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2014,33(8):1766-1773.
[55]
Filella M. Questions of size and numbers in environmental research on microplastics:methodological and conceptual aspects[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2015,12(5):527-538.
[56]
Khatmullina L, Isachenko I. Settling velocity of microplastic particles of regular shapes[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2017,114(2):871-880.
[57]
Fazey F M, Ryan P G. Biofouling on buoyant marine plastics:An experimental study into the effect of size on surface longevity[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2016,210:354-360.
[58]
Chubarenko I, Bagaev A, Zobkov M, et al. On some physical and dynamical properties of microplastic particles in marine environment[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2016,108(1/2):105-112.
[59]
Lagarde F, Olivier O, Zanella M, et al. Microplastic interactions with freshwater microalgae:hetero-aggregation and changes in plastic density appear strongly dependent on polymer type[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2016,215:331-339.
[60]
董姝楠,夏继红,王为木,等.典型水环境因素对聚酯微塑料沉降的影响机制研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021,41(2):735-742. Dong S, Xia J, Wang W, et al. Effect mechanism of aquatic environmental factor on the sedimentation of polyethylene terephthalate microplastic[J]. China Environmental Science, 2021, 41(2):735-742.
[61]
Waldschlaeger K, Born M, Cowger W, et al. Settling and rising velocities of environmentally weathered micro-and macroplastic particles[J]. Environmental Research, 2020,191:110192.
[62]
Kooi M, Reisser J, Slat B, et al. The effect of particle properties on the depth profile of buoyant plastics in the ocean[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016,6(1):1-10.
[63]
Kooi M, Nes E H V, Scheffer M, et al. Ups and downs in the ocean:Effects of biofouling on vertical transport of microplastics[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017,51(14):7963-7971.
[64]
Waldschlager K, Schuttrumpf H. Erosion behavior of different microplastic particles in comparison to natural sediments[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2019,53(22):13219-13227.
[65]
Eo S, Hong S H, Song Y K, et al. Spatiotemporal distribution and annual load of microplastics in the Nakdong River, South Korea[J]. Water Research, 2019,160:228-237.
[66]
Fischer E K, Paglialonga L, Czech E, et al. Microplastic pollution in lakes and lake shoreline sediments-a case study on Lake Bolsena and Lake Chiusi (central Italy)[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2016,213:648-657.
[67]
Flynn K F, Chudyk W, Watson V, et al. Influence of biomass and water velocity on light attenuation of Cladophora glomerata L.(Kuetzing) in rivers[J]. Aquatic Botany, 2018,151:62-70.
[68]
Ye S, Andrady A L. Fouling of floating plastic debris under Biscayne Bay exposure conditions[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1991,22(12):608-613.
[69]
Hurley R, Woodward J, Rothwell J J. Microplastic contamination of river beds significantly reduced by catchment-wide flooding[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2018,11(4):251-257.
[70]
Wu F, Pennings S C, Tong C, et al. Variation in microplastics composition at small spatial and temporal scales in a tidal flat of the Yangtze Estuary, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 699:134252.
[71]
Zhang K, Xiong X, Hu H, et al. Occurrence and characteristics of microplastic pollution in Xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir, China[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017,51(7):3794-3801.
[72]
Ockelford A, Cundy A, Ebdon J E. Storm response of fluvial sedimentary microplastics[J]. Scientific Reports, 2020,10(1):1-10.
[73]
Willis K A, Eriksen R, Wilcox C, et al. Microplastic distribution at different sediment depths in an urban estuary[J]. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2017,4:419.
[74]
Mai L, Sun X F, Xia L L, et al. Global riverine plastic outflows[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2020,54(16):10049-10056.
[75]
Schwarz A E, Ligthart T N, Boukris E, et al. Sources, transport, and accumulation of different types of plastic litter in aquatic environments:a review study[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2019,143:92-100.
[76]
Mani T, Burkhardt-Holm P. Seasonal microplastics variation in nival and pluvial stretches of the Rhine River-From the Swiss catchment towards the North Sea[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 707:135579.
[77]
Atwood E C, Falcieri F M, Piehl S, et al. Coastal accumulation of microplastic particles emitted from the Po River, Northern Italy:comparing remote sensing and hydrodynamic modelling with in situ sample collections[J]. Marine pollution bulletin, 2019,138:561-574.
[78]
Van Sebille E, Wilcox C, Lebreton L, et al. A global inventory of small floating plastic debris[J]. Environmental Research Letters, 2015, 10(12):124006.
[79]
Tibbetts J, Krause S, Lynch I, et al. Abundance, distribution, and drivers of microplastic contamination in urban river environments[J]. Water Research, 2018,10(11):1597.
[80]
Corcoran P L, Belontz S L, Ryan K, et al. Factors controlling the distribution of microplastic particles in benthic sediment of the Thames River, Canada[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2019,54(2):818-825.
[81]
Jambeck J R, Geyer R, Wilcox C, et al. Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean[J]. Science, 2015,347(6223):768-771.
[82]
Frei S, Piehl S, Gilfedder B, et al. Occurence of microplastics in the hyporheic zone of rivers[J]. Scientific Reports, 2019,9(1):1-11.
[83]
Areepitak T, Ren J. Model simulations of particle aggregation effect on colloid exchange between streams and streambeds[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011,45(13):5614-5621.
[84]
杨小全,金光球,李凌,等.河流潜流带中胶体迁移的研究进展[J]. 水利水电科技进展, 2010,30(6):78-83. Yang X Q, Jin G Q, Li L, et al. Advances in researches on colloid transport in hyporheic zone[J]. Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources, 2010,30(6):78-83.
[85]
Wu X, Lyu X, Li Z, et al. Transport of polystyrene nanoplastics in natural soils:effect of soil properties, ionic strength and cation type[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,707:136065.
[86]
Dong Z, Zhang W, Qiu Y, et al. Cotransport of nanoplastics (NPs) with fullerene (C60) in saturated sand:Effect of NPs/C60ratio and seawater salinity[J]. Water Research, 2019,148:469-478.
[87]
Li S, Liu H, Gao R, et al. Aggregation kinetics of microplastics in aquatic environment:Complex roles of electrolytes, pH, and natural organic matter[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018,237:126-132.
[88]
Xia T, Qi Y, Liu J, et al. Cation-inhibited transport of graphene oxide nanomaterials in saturated porous media:The Hofmeister effects[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017,51(2):828-837.
[89]
WaldschläGer K, SchüTtrumpf H. Infiltration behavior of microplastic particles with different densities, sizes, and shapes-from glass spheres to natural sediments[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2020,54(15):9366-9373.
[90]
Li M, Zhang M, Rong H, et al. Transport and deposition of plastic particles in porous media during seawater intrusion and groundwater-seawater displacement processes[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021:146752.
[91]
Tufenkji N, Elimelech M. Correlation equation for predicting single-collector efficiency in physicochemical filtration in saturated porous media[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2004,38(2):529-536.
[92]
Niu L, Li Y, Li Y, et al. New insights into the vertical distribution and microbial degradation of microplastics in urban river sediments[J]. Water Research, 2021,188:116449.
[93]
Panno S V, Kelly W R, Scott J, et al. Microplastic contamination in karst groundwater systems[J]. Groundwater, 2019,57(2):189-196.
[94]
Drummond J D, Nel H A, Packman A I, et al. Significance of hyporheic exchange for predicting microplastic fate in rivers[J]. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2020,7(10):727-732.
[95]
张中天,金光球,陈鹤翔,等.胶体颗粒在潜流带中沉积过程及机制[J]. 水科学进展, 2021,32(5):738-750. Zhang Z T, Jin G Q, Chen H X, et al. Deposition process and mechanism of colloidal particles in hyporheic zone[J] Advances in Water Science, 2021,32(5):738-750.
[96]
Boano F, Harvey J W, Marion A, et al. Hyporheic flow and transport processes:Mechanisms, models, and biogeochemical implications[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 2014,52(4):603-679.
[97]
Pohl F, Eggenhuisen J T, Kane I A, et al. Transport and burial of microplastics in deep-marine sediments by turbidity currents[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2020,54(7):4180-4189.
[98]
Zhu B, Xia X, Zhang S, et al. Attenuation of bacterial cytotoxicity of carbon nanotubes by riverine suspended solids in water[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018,234:581-589.
[99]
Besseling E, Quik J T K, Sun M, et al. Fate of nano-and microplastic in freshwater systems:a modeling study[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017,220(Pt A):540-548.
[100]
Quik J T, De Klein J J, Koelmans A A. Spatially explicit fate modelling of nanomaterials in natural waters[J]. Water Research, 2015,80:200-208.
[101]
Nakki P, Setala O, Lehtiniemi M. Seafloor sediments as microplastic sinks in the northern Baltic Sea -Negligible upward transport of buried microplastics by bioturbation[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2019,249:74-81.
[102]
Xie M, Alsina M A, Yuen J, et al. Effects of resuspension on the mobility and chemical speciation of zinc in contaminated sediments[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2019,364:300-308.
[103]
Dong J, Xia X, Wang M, et al. Effect of recurrent sediment resuspension-deposition events on bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic environments[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2016,540:934-946.
[104]
Bartram J, Ballance R. Water quality monitoring:A practical guide to the design and implementation of freshwater quality studies and monitoring programmes[M]. Taylor & Francis Group, London and New York, 1996,332.
[105]
Jiang Y, Yin X, Xi X, et al. Effect of surfactants on the transport of polyethylene and polypropylene microplastics in porous media[J]. Water Research, 2021,196:117016.
[106]
李宵慧,徐红霞,孙媛媛,等.多孔介质中微塑料的环境行为研究进展[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021,41(6):2798-2811. Li X H, Xue H X, Sun Y Y, et al. Review on the environmental behaviors of microplastics in porous media[J]. China Environmental Science, 2021,41(6):2798-2811.
[107]
Bradford S A, Simunek J, Bettahar M, et al. Modeling colloid attachment, straining, and exclusion in saturated porous media[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2003,37(10):2242-2250.
[108]
Fan Y, Zheng K, Zhu Z, et al. Distribution, sedimentary record, and persistence of microplastics in the Pearl River catchment, China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2019,251:862-870.
[109]
Xue B, Zhang L, Li R, et al. Underestimated microplastic pollution derived from fishery activities and "hidden" in deep sediment[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2020,54(4):2210-2217.
[110]
Dong Z, Qiu Y, Zhang W, et al. Size-dependent transport and retention of micron-sized plastic spheres in natural sand saturated with seawater[J]. Water Research, 2018,143:518-526.
[111]
Song Z, Yang X, Chen F, et al. Fate and transport of nanoplastics in complex natural aquifer media:Effect of particle size and surface functionalization[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,669:120-128.
[112]
Shaniv D, Dror I, Berkowitz B. Effects of particle size and surface chemistry on plastic nanoparticle transport in saturated natural porous media[J]. Chemosphere, 2021,262:127854.
[113]
Baalousha M, Manciulea A, Cumberland S, et al. Aggregation and surface properties of iron oxide nanoparticles:influence of pH and natural organic matter[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2008,27(9):1875-1882.
[114]
Wu J, Jiang R, Lin W, et al. Effect of salinity and humic acid on the aggregation and toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics with different functional groups and charges[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2019, 245:836-843.
[115]
Yu S, Shen M, Li S. Aggregation kinetics of different surface-modified polystyrene nanoparticles in monovalent and divalent electrolytes[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2019,255:113302.
[116]
Wegner A, Besseling E, Foekema E M, et al. Effects of nanopolystyrene on the feeding behavior of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis L.)[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2012,31(11):2490-2497.
[117]
Louie S M, Tilton R D, Lowry G V. Critical review:impacts of macromolecular coatings on critical physicochemical processes controlling environmental fate of nanomaterials[J]. Environmental Science:Nano, 2016,3(2):283-310.
[118]
Tan M, Liu L, Zhang M, et al. Effects of solution chemistry and humic acid on the transport of polystyrene microplastics in manganese oxides coated sand[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021,413:125410.
[119]
Li M, He L, Zhang M, et al. Cotransport and deposition of iron oxides with different-sized plastic particles in saturated quartz sand[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2019,53(7):3547-3557.
