南水北调典型受水区浅层地下水水化学特征及成因

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摘要以邯郸黑龙港平原作为典型受水区,运用描述性统计、Piper图、离子比例分析、饱和指数和氯碱指数等方法,开展浅层地下水水化学变化特征及其成因分析研究.结果表明:南水北调中线工程通水后浅层地下水总体上由咸水向微咸水转化,浅层地下水水质的改善与水位恢复存在密切的相关性;6月和12月浅层地下水主要水化学类型分别是Na-SO₄-Cl型和Na-HCO₃型.蒸发岩(岩盐、石膏和芒硝)和碳酸盐岩矿物(方解石和白云石)的溶解/沉淀作用控制着浅层地下水主要离子浓度的变化.大部分区域发生了正向阳离子交换作用,而地下水位降落漏斗区或钠离子浓度相对富集区域则主要发生了反向离子交换作用.工业和生活污水排放、农业化肥使用可能在一定程度上造成部分浅层地下水的污染.研究结果对南水北调中线受水区地下水资源可持续开发利用和环境保护具有重要意义.

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关键词 ：南水北调中线, 地下水压采, 水化学特征, 浅层地下水, 成因分析

Abstract：The hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of shallow groundwater in a representative water-receiving area (the Heilonggang Plain in Handan city) were investigated by using multiple approaches such as descriptive statistics, Piper diagram, ion ratios, saturation indices and chloro-alkaline index. Results showed that shallow groundwater generally changed from salt water to brackish water after the operation of the Middle Route of the SNWDP. There was a close connection between the improvement of shallow groundwater quality and the elevated water table. The hydrochemical types was mainly Na-SO₄-Cl in June and Na-HCO₃ in December. The evolution of shallow groundwater chemistry was mainly controlled by the dissolution/precipitation of evaporites (halite, gypsum, Glauber’s salt) and carbonate minerals (calcite and dolomite). Additionally, cation exchange modified the cationic concentrations in the most of shallow aquifer, while reverse ion exchange mainly occurred in the groundwater depression cone or some areas with surplus Na⁺. Human activities (including industrial effluents and domestic sewage, agricultural fertilizers) may be responsible for the individual shallow groundwater samples’ contamination. These findings have important implications for groundwater sustainable development and environmental protection in such water-receiving areas of the Middle Route of the SNWDP.

Key words： the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project groundwater exploitation reduction hydrochemical characteristics shallow groundwater formation mechanism

收稿日期: 2021-10-08

PACS:

X523

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(41901039)

通讯作者: ,刘飞,副教授,liufei@hebeu.edu.cn E-mail: liufei@hebeu.edu.cn

作者简介: 邹嘉文(1999-),男,江西南昌人,硕士研究生,主要从事流域水循环与水环境研究.发表论文2篇.

引用本文:

邹嘉文, 刘飞, 张靖坤. 南水北调典型受水区浅层地下水水化学特征及成因[J]. 中国环境科学, 2022, 42(5): 2260-2268. ZOU Jia-wen, LIU Fei, ZHANG Jing-kun. Hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of shallow groundwater in typical water-receiving areas of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2022, 42(5): 2260-2268.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2022/V42/I5/2260

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