The water quality criteria and ecological risks of copper under the influence of multiple factors
LIU Na1, LI Ya-bing1, LIU Hong-ling1,2
1. State Key Laborotory of Pollution Control&Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; 2. Jiangsu Province Ecology and Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health Risk, Nanjing 210023, China
Abstract:In order to explore the impact of multiple factors on water quality criteria and ecological risks, the weighted species sensitivity distribution (WSSD), water effect ratio (WER) and biological ligand model (BLM) were used to derive the water quality criteria of copper for protecting aquatic organisms in Tai Lake. The criterion maximum concentration (CMC) of 1.43μg/L and the criterion continuous concentration (CCC) of 1.33μg/L were recommended as the water quality criteria of copper in Tai Lake. Joint probability curve (JPC) combining WER and BLM were used to further assess the ecological risks. There were 23.43% (WER) and 39.43% (BLM) probability of affecting 5% aquatic organisms during wet season in Tai Lake, respectively, while the traditional method overestimated the risks of copper in Tai Lake with a probability of 85.01%. These findings clearly suggest that the influence of multiple factors in the aquatic environment on water quality criteria and ecological risks cannot be ignored, currently environmental quality standard of copper adopted in China may not be able to protect aquatic organisms in specific areas such as Tai Lake. Considering multiple factors will obtain more reasonable water quality criteria and ecological risks assessment results, and avoid the phenomenon of “over-protection” or “under-protection”.
刘娜, 李亚兵, 刘红玲. 多因子影响下铜的水质基准及生态风险[J]. 中国环境科学, 2022, 42(7): 3353-3361.
LIU Na, LI Ya-bing, LIU Hong-ling. The water quality criteria and ecological risks of copper under the influence of multiple factors. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2022, 42(7): 3353-3361.
Chain F J J, Finlayson S, Crease T, et al. Variation in transcriptional responses to copper exposure across Daphnia pulex lineages[J]. Aquatic Toxicology, 2019,210:85-97.
[2]
Prato E, Parlapiano I, Biandolino F, et al. Sublethal effects of copper on some biological traits of the amphipod Gammarus aequicauda reared under laboratory conditions[J]. Chemosphere, 2013,93(6):1015-1022.
[3]
Rodgher S, Lombardi A T, Melão M G, et al. Change in life cycle parameters and feeding rate of Ceriodaphnia silvestrii Daday (Crustacea, Cladocera) exposure to dietary copper[J]. Ecotoxicology, 2008,17(8):826-833.
[4]
Donnachie R L, Johnson A C, Moeckel C, et al. Using risk-ranking of metals to identify which poses the greatest threat to freshwater organisms in the UK[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2014,194:17-23.
[5]
廖伟,刘大庆,冯承莲,等.不同生长阶段斑马鱼对Cu2+的毒性响应差异[J].环境科学研究, 2020,33(3):626-633. Liao W, Liu D Q, Feng C L, et al. Difference in toxicity response of Zebrafish to Cu2+ at different life stages[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2020,33(3):626-633.
[6]
王振,金小伟,王子健,等.铜对水生生物的毒性:类群特异性敏感度分析[J].生态毒理学报, 2014,9(4):640-646. Wang Z, Jin X W, Wang Z J, et al. Taxon-specific sensitivity differences of copper to aquatic organisms[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2014,9(4):640-646.
[7]
Rogevich E C, Hoang T C, Rand G M, et al. The effects of water quality and age on the acute toxicity of copper to the Florida applesnail (Pomacea paludosa)[J]. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2008,54(4):690-696.
[8]
Lock K, Van E H, Karel A C, et al. Development of a biotic ligand model (BLM) predicting nickel toxicity to barley (Hordeum vulgare)[J]. Chemosphere, 2007,66(7):1346-1352.
[9]
Carlson A R. Guidelines for deriving numerical aquatic site-specific water quality criteria bymodifying national criteria[M]. Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 1984.
[10]
Chen Y, Yu S, Tang S, et al. Site-specific water quality criteria for aquatic ecosystems:A case study of pentachlorophenol for Tai Lake, China[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2016,541:65-73.
[11]
Feng C L, Wu F C, Zheng B H, et al. Biotic ligand models for metals-a practical application in the revision of water quality standards in China[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2012, 46(20):10877-10878.
[12]
孙雪华,孙成,刘红玲.考虑物种权重校验保护太湖水生生物的铅基准[J].环境化学, 2020,39(6):1578-1589. Sun X H, Sun C, Liu H L. Weighted species sensitivity distribution method to derive site-specific quality criteria of lead for protection of aquatic life in Tai Lake[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2020,39(6):1578-1589.
[13]
Arnold W R, Warren-Hicks W J. Assessment of aquatic ecological risk and site-specific criteria of copper in san francisco bay, California, USA[J]. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 2007,3(1):32-48.
[14]
苏海磊,李信茹,陶艳茹,等.美国水质标准制定研究及其对中国的借鉴意义[J].生态环境学报, 2021,30(11):2267-2274. Su H L, Li X R, Tao Y R, et al. Study on water quality standard formulation of USA and its revelation to China[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2021,30(11):2267-2274.
[15]
周巧巧,任勃,李有志,等.中国河湖水体重金属污染趋势及来源解析[J].环境化学, 2020,39(8):2044-2054. Zhou Q Q, Ren B, Li Y Z, et al. Trends and sources of dissolved heavy metal pollution in water of rivers and lakes in China[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2020,39(8):2044-2054.
[16]
齐文启,连军,孙宗光,等.《地表水和污水监测技术规范》(HJ/T91-2002)的相关技术说明[J].中国环境监测, 2006,(1):54-57. Qi W Q, Lian J, Sun C G, et al. Technical explanations for "Technical specifications requirements for monitoring of surface water and waste water" (HJ/T 91-2002)[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2006,(1):54-57.
[17]
国家环境保护局科技标准司.水质-物质对淡水鱼(斑马鱼)急性毒性测定方法(GB/T 13267-1991)[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 1992. MEPPRC. Water quality-determination of the acute toxicity of substance to freshwater fish (Brachydanio rerio Hamilton-Buchanan)[S]. Beijing:China Standards Press, 1992.
[18]
OECD. OECD guideline for testing of chemicals-Daphinia sp., acute immobilisation test. Guideline[R]. Paris, France:OECD Environment Directorate, 2004.
[19]
Giesy J P, Graney R L. Recent developments in and intercomparisons of acute and chronic bioassays and bioindicators[J]. Hydrobiologia, 1989,188(1):21-60.
[20]
王业耀,张铃松,孟凡生,等.水生生物水质基准研究进展及建立我国氨氮水质基准的探讨[J].南水北调与水利科技, 2012,10(5):108-113. Wang Y Y, Zhang L S, Meng F S, et al. Research progress on water quality criteria for aquatic life and establishment of water quality criteria of ammonia nitrogen in China[J]. South-to-North Water Transfer and Water Science&Technology, 2012,10(5):108-113.
[21]
陈立侨,刘影,杨再福,等.太湖生态系统的演变与可持续发展[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2003,(4):99-106. Chen L J, Liu Y, Yang Z F, et al. Ecological succession and sustainables development in Tai Lake[J]. Journal of East China Normal University (Natural Science), 2003,(4):99-106.
[22]
Cai Y J, Gong Z J, Qin B Q, et al. Community structure and diversity of macrozoobenthos in Tai Lake, a large shallow eutrophic lake in China[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2010,18(1):50-59.
[23]
郑丙辉,田自强,张雷,等.太湖西岸湖滨带水生生物分布特征及水质营养状况[J].生态学报, 2007,(10):4214-4223. Zhen B H, Tian Z Q, Zhang L, et al. The characteristics of the Hydrobios'distribution and the analysis of water quality along the west shore of Tai Lake[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2007,27(10):4214-4223.
[24]
Zhu Y Q. Ichtyoloical survey of Tai Lake during 2002~2003[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2004,(2):120-124.
[25]
Xu H, Cai Y J, Tang X M, et al. Community structure of macrozoobenthos and the evaluation of water environment in Tai Lake[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2015,27(5):840-852.
[26]
Kooijman S A L M. A safety factor for LC50 values allowing for differences in sensitivity among species[J]. Water Research, 1987, 21(3):269-276.
[27]
Welsh P G, Lipton J, Chapman G A, et al. Evaluation of water-effect ratio methodology for establishing site-specific water quality criteria[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2000,19(6):1616-1623.
[28]
Paquin P R, Gorsuch J W, Apte S, et al. The biotic ligand model:A historical overview[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-Toxicology&Pharmacology, 2002,133(1/2):3-35.
[29]
Xie R L, Zhou Q X. Methodology of water quality criteria in foreign countries and its future researching prospects[J]. World Sci-Tech R&D, 2012,34(6):939-944.
[30]
Solomon K, Giesy J, Jones P. Probabilistic risk assessment of agrochemicals in the environment[J]. Crop Protection, 2000,19(8-10):649-655.
[31]
Wang X L, Xu F L, Li B G, et al. Risk assessment of ecotoxicity of benzo (a) pyrene, fluorethene and phenanthrene in Tianjin wastewater irrigated area[J]. Urban Environment and Urban Ecology, 2002, 15(4):10-12.
[32]
冯承莲,吴丰昌,赵晓丽,等.水质基准研究与进展[J].中国科学:地球科学, 2012,42(5):646-656. Feng C L, Wu F C, Zhao X L, et al. Research and development of quality criterion[J]. Scientia Sinica (Terrae), 2012,42(5):646-656.
[33]
Shi R, Yang C, Su R, et al. Weighted species sensitivity distribution method to derive site-specific quality criteria for copper in Tai Lake, China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2014,21(22):12968-12978.
[34]
吴丰昌,冯承莲,张瑞卿,等.我国典型污染物水质基准研究[J].中国科学:地球科学, 2012,42(5):665-672. Wu F C, Wu F C, Zhang R Q, et al. Research on water quality benchmark of typical pollutants in my country[J]. Scientia Sinica (Terrae), 2012,42(5):665-672.
[35]
孔祥臻,何伟,秦宁,等.重金属对淡水生物生态风险的物种敏感性分布评估[J].中国环境科学, 2011,31(9):1555-1562. Kong X Z, He W, Qin N T, et al. Species sensitivity analysis of heavy metals to freshwater organisms[J]. China Environmental Science, 2011,31(9):1555-1562.
[36]
Wang Y Z, Yan Z G, Zhan X, et al. Preliminary aquatic life criteria development and ecological risk assessment of ammonia in seven major basins in China[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2016, 29(1):77-83.
[37]
The Biotic Ligand Model Windows Interface, Version 2.2.3:User's Guide and Reference Manual[M]. HydroQual, Inc, Mahwah, NJ, April 2005.
[38]
Gondek J C, Gensemer R W, Claytor C A, et al. Framework for derivation of water quality criteria using the biotic ligand model:Copper as a case study[J]. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 2018,14(6):736-749.
[39]
Ye H M, Yuan X Y, Ge M X, et al. Water chemistry characteristics and controlling factors in the northern rivers in the Taihu Basin[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2010,19(1):23-27.
[40]
Zhang Y H, Zang W C, Qin L M, et al. Water quality criteria for copper based on the BLM approach in the freshwater in China[J]. Plos One, 2017,12(2):e0170105.
[41]
Wang C Y, Chen H, An L H, et al. An updated review on biotic ligand model in predicting metal bioavailability in surface waters[J]. Enuivonmental Science and Technology, 2011,34(8):75-80.
[42]
陈莎.澜沧江铜的水质基准与生态风险评价研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学, 2014. Chen S. Research on water quality benchmark and ecological risk assessment of copper in Lancang River[D]. Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology, 2014.
[43]
Fan L X. Historical evolution of water ecological setting in Tai Lake[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 1996,8(4):297-304.