不同热解温度BC对BAF处理水产养殖废水的影响机制

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摘要为改善传统曝气生物滤池（BAF）处理水产养殖废水中氮磷和抗生素的处理效果，本文以人工模拟含磺胺甲噁唑（SMX）、磺胺嘧啶（SDZ）、恩诺沙星（ENR）和环丙沙星（CIP）的水产养殖废水为处理对象，以不同热解温度下（400，500，600，700℃）制备的生物炭（BC）分别作为不同BAF的填料（编号依次为2#~5#），研究了其对BAF启动运行过程中COD、氨氮、TN、TP和4种抗生素的去除效能影响，同时以传统沸石填料的BAF作为对照组（编号1#）.利用多种测试手段解析了反应器稳定运行典型周期内污染物的去除特性、微生物胞外聚合物（EPS）含量和电子传递系统活性（ETSA），并运用高通量测序技术分析了各反应器内关键微生物种群组成.结果表明，与传统BAF相比，BC作为填料强化了2#~5#BAFs对废水中氮、磷及抗生素等污染物的去除效能，并且高温热解的BC更有利于各污染物的去除；反应器内微生物EPS含量和PN/PS值均高于对照组，且随BC热解温度的升高而增加；而ETSA与BC的热解温度呈负相关，但以BC作填料的2#~5#BAFs内ETSA均高于1#BAF （对照组），BC填料增加了BAF内的电子传递.同时，与抗生素降解及氮磷去除相关的功能菌属，如Micropruina（相对丰度0.42%~8.18%）、Rhodobacter（0.63%~2.94%）、norank_f__Chitinophagaceae （0.23%~3.98%）、Microbacterium（0.37%~1.66%）等，其相对丰度与BC热解温度呈正相关.BC热解温度为700℃的5#BAF除污效能最优，其稳定运行期间，对TN和TP的平均去除率达51.99%和41.00%，对SDZ、SMX、ENR和CIP的平均去除率达71.84%、75.01%、62.91%和69.62%.

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关键词 ：水产养殖废水, 抗生素, 生物炭, 曝气生物滤池, 脱氮除磷

Abstract：To improve the removal efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and antibiotics in aquaculture wastewater by traditional biological aeration filter (BAF), biochar (BC) derived from different pyrolysis temperatures (400, 500, 600 and 700℃) were filled in the BAFs (No 2#~5#) to treat artificial aquaculture wastewater containing sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfadiazine (SDZ), enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), for revealing the removal performances of COD, ammonia nitrogen, TN, TP and four antibiotics during the start-up and operation period of the BAFs, with the traditional BAF loading zeolite as the control group (No.1 #). Several test methods were utilized to analyze the removal characteristics of the typical periodical target pollutants, and to detected the Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and microbe Electron transport system activity (ETSA) in the late period. Simultaneously, the key microbial population composition in each BAF were investigated by High-throughput sequencing technology. Results showed that the nitrogen, phosphorus and antibiotics removal performances in 2#~5# BAFs were enhanced by BC, and BC pyrolyzed at high temperature was more conducive to the removal of pollutants. The microbial EPS content and PN/PS value in the 2#~5# BAFs were higher than those in the control group, and increased with the increase of BC pyrolysis temperature. Although the ETSA was negatively correlated with the pyrolysis temperature of BC, the ETSA of 2#~5# BAFs were still higher than that of 1#BAF (the control group), filling BC could increase the electron transport in BAF. Meanwhile, functional genera related to antibiotic degradation and nitrogen and phosphorus removal were also detected in 2#~5# BAFs, such as Micropruina (relative abundance 0.42%~8.18%)、Rhodobacter (0.63%~2.94%)、norank_f__Chitinophagaceae (0.23%~3.98%) and Microbacterium (0.37%~1.66%) etc., whose relative abundances were positively correlated with BC pyrolysis temperature. During the stable operation time, the 5# BAF with BC pyrolysis temperature of 700℃ achieved the best decontamination efficiency, in which the average removal rates of TN and TP were 51.99% and 41.00%, and the average removal rates of SDZ, SMX, ENR and CIP were 71.84%, 75.01%, 62.91% and 69.62%, respectively.

Key words： aquaculture wastewater antibiotics biochar biological aeration filter (BAF) nitrogen and phosphorus removal

收稿日期: 2022-08-02

PACS:

X703

基金资助:成都市科技局技术创新研发项目（2022-YF05-00811-SN）；山西省气象局科研项目（SXKZDDW20217105）

通讯作者: 信欣,教授,178920302@qq.com E-mail: 178920302@qq.com

作者简介: 刘思强(1997-),男,四川广安人,成都信息工程大学硕士研究生,主要从事水污染控制理论与技术研究.发表论文3篇.

引用本文:

刘思强, 信欣, 杨雯钰, 延雪花, 戴有学, 胡劲涛. 不同热解温度BC对BAF处理水产养殖废水的影响机制[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(3): 1131-1141. LIU Si-qiang, XIN Xin, YANG Wen-yu, YAN Xue-hua, DAI You-xue, HU Jin-tao. Influence mechanisms of BC filters of different pyrolysis temperatures on BAFs treating aquaculture wastewater. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(3): 1131-1141.

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