Occurrence and distribution of antibiotics in suspended particulate matters in the Yellow River (Jinan Section)
WANG Kun1, SU Zhao-xin2, TANG Dan-dan1, PAN Fu-xia3, WANG Hua-wei1, SUN Ying-jie1
1. School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; 2. Jinan Environmental Research Academy, Jinan 250098, China; 3. Institute of Environment Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
Abstract:The occurrence and distribution of 48 antibiotics belonging to four classes (including fluoroquinolones (FQs), sulfonamides (SAs), macrolides (MLs) and tetracyclines (TCs)) in water bodies and suspended particulate matters (SPMs) collected from the Lower Reaches of Yellow Rives (Jinan Section) were investigated. The microwave-assisted extraction-solid phase extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry techniques were employed to quantify the concentrations of target antibiotics. Additionally, the correlations of turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS), as well as the relationships between total antibiotic concentrations and turbidity/TSS were established to determine the concentration levels of antibiotics in dissolved (Cd) and SPM-associated phases (CSPM). The results showed that a total of 36 target antibiotics were detected in all water samples. Among them, the MLs were detected at the highest frequencies (97%~100%). For the antibiotics in the FQs group, the highest concentrations were determined (up to 13.5μg/L for enrofloxacin), and the SAs were also detected at relatively high frequencies and concentrations (up to 12.3μg/L for sulfisomidine), which are mainly originated from anthropogenic activities and livestock farms. In the case of the TCs, most of them were below the limit of quantifications (LOQs). Furthermore, a reasonable linear relationship between turbidity and TSS, and a close to linear correlation of the total concentrations of FQs/SAs vs. turbidity/TSS was observed. From these regressions, the values of CSPM were calculated in the range of 3.2~27.2μg/g, suggesting the SPM-associated fractions accounted for most of the detected FQs/SAs antibiotics. While for the FQs/SAs dissolved in water, the Cd took up less than 30% of their total concentrations. Noteworthy, the calculated CSPM fitted well with the measured values, indicating the turbidity/TSS may be a useful proxy to evaluate the SAs/FQs adsorbed onto SPMs, if the total antibiotic concentrations used for calibration. Temporally, the concentrations of SPM-associated antibiotics insignificantly varied in summer (2.0~10.6μg/g). In winter, higher contamination levels of antibiotics in downstream SPMs than those in the upstream; while opposite patterns were observed for the temporal variations of the SPM-associated antibiotics in spring. In summary, the SPMs could represent as both an important reservoir and source of antibiotics in the Lower Reaches of Yellow River, which requires further attention and investigation.
王坤, 苏炤新, 唐丹丹, 潘福霞, 王华伟, 孙英杰. 黄河济南段水体悬浮颗粒物中抗生素赋存特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(2): 675-685.
WANG Kun, SU Zhao-xin, TANG Dan-dan, PAN Fu-xia, WANG Hua-wei, SUN Ying-jie. Occurrence and distribution of antibiotics in suspended particulate matters in the Yellow River (Jinan Section). CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(2): 675-685.
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