人类活动影响下异龙湖浮游植物碳氮稳定同位素变化特征

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摘要于2020年9月~2022年6月在异龙湖开展了20个点位、8个季节的水体水质、浮游植物碳氮同位素信号等内容的系统调查与对比分析.结果表明,浮游植物δ¹³C信号分布范围为-28.98‰~-22.32‰,呈现了丰水年份(-26.89‰±1.34‰)低于枯水年份(-25.30‰±0.97‰)、9月高于其他月份等变化模式,同时出现了西部湖区高于中部、东部湖区的空间分布特征.浮游植物δ¹⁵N信号分布范围为-0.28‰~10.25‰,且丰水年份(6.28‰±1.07‰)高于枯水年份(2.78‰±1.55‰),施肥季节(6、12月)低于其他季节,以及在雨季(9月)和旱季初期(12月)西部湖区高于中部、东部湖区的空间分布特征.统计分析表明,随着异龙湖水量的上升,具有较低δ¹³C信号的流域无机碳输入增加、水体富营养化程度降低,可能改变了浮游植物利用的无机碳源及其生长速率,从而造成了浮游植物δ¹³C信号的显著下降,反映了调水补水措施等人类活动影响下浮游植物δ¹³C信号的快速响应.同时,浮游植物较低的δ¹⁵N分布特征及其与水体NH₄⁺-N浓度密切相关,反映了异龙湖氮素来源于以氨肥为主的农业面源污染影响,并通过浮游植物吸收等过程影响了湖泊生态系统的氮循环模式.而有机肥替代化肥措施实施后异龙湖浮游植物δ¹⁵N呈现出随水量显著升高的特征,反映了生态环境修复措施显著改变了异龙湖的氮素来源.MixSIAR模型结果表明,异龙湖氮源中农业面源污染从枯水年份的88.4%下降至丰水年份的79.0%,其中化肥贡献率从41.2%下降至14.0%,有机肥占比从47.2%上升到65.0%,而点源污染贡献率则从11.6%升高至21.0%.由此可见,调水补水工程、有机肥替代化肥等人类治理活动降低了异龙湖水体的营养盐浓度,并通过增加δ¹³C偏低的流域碳源和δ¹⁵N偏高的有机肥氮源导致浮游植物δ¹³C信号的降低和δ¹⁵N信号的升高,反映了湖泊治理和环境修复措施对湖泊初级生产者碳氮稳定同位素及其循环过程产生显著影响.

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	王旭
	郭雯
	王明果
	李平
	温雯雯
	陈丽
	郑昕
	黄林培
	陈光杰

关键词 ：异龙湖, 浮游植物, 碳氮稳定同位素, 湖泊修复, 同位素混合模型

Abstract：From September 2020 to June 2022, a spatial investigation and seasonal analysis of water quality and carbon and nitrogen isotope signals of phytoplankton were carried out across 20 sites of Yilong Lake over 8seasons. The results showed that the distribution of δ¹³C signal of phytoplankton ranged from -28.98‰ to -22.32‰, showing lower values in wet year (-26.89‰±1.34‰) than in dry year (-25.30‰±0.97‰), and higher values in September than in other months. Meanwhile, the spatial distribution of δ¹³C signal showed higher values in western lake basin than those in central and eastern lake basins. The δ¹⁵N signal of phytoplankton varied from -0.28‰ to 10.25‰, and was significantly higher in wet year (6.28‰±1.07‰) than in dry year (2.78‰±1.55‰). Meanwhile, the values of phytoplankton δ¹⁵N were lower in fertilization season (June and December) compared to other seasons, and also higher in rainy season (September) and early dry season (December) than those in central and eastern lake basins. With increasing water volume in Yilong Lake, there was an increase in inorganic carbon input and a decrease in nutrient levels, resulting in a significant decline in phytoplankton δ¹³C signal. This may reflect the rapid response of phytoplankton δ¹³C signal linked to human activities such as water diversion and replenishment measures. Meanwhile, the lower δ¹⁵N values of phytoplankton are closely related to lake-water NH₄⁺-N concentration, reflecting the role of nitrogen pollution from agricultural non-point sources (mainly ammonia fertilizer) in affecting phytoplankton absorption. However, the δ¹⁵N value of phytoplankton increased significantly with expanding water volume along with a replacement of chemical fertilizers by organic fertilizers during agricultural fertilization, a measure taken for mitigating lake eutrophication. The results of MixSIAR model showed that nutrient loading derived from agricultural non-point sources decreased from 88.4% in the dry year to 79.0% in the wet year, with the contribution of point source pollution increasing from 11.6% to 21.0%. Specifically, the relative contribution of chemical fertilizers decreased from 41.2% to 14.0%, the proportion of organic fertilizers increased from 47.2% to 65.0%. Therefore, pollution control measures, such as water diversion, hydrological replenishment and use of organic fertilizers, have largely reduced the lake-water nutrient concentrations, and this is also evidenced in an increase of the δ¹³C signal of phytoplankton due to an increased basin input of both the δ¹³C-depleted carbon and δ¹⁵N-enriched nitrogen. In all, our study highlights that lake management and restoration measures can significantly affect the isotopic signal and cycling porcesses of nutrients in the primary producers of lakes.

Key words： Yilong Lake phytoplankton stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen lake restoration isotopic mixing model

收稿日期: 2022-11-10

PACS:

X524

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(42067064,42171072);云南省院士专家工作站(202005AF150005,2017IC063);云南省重点研发计划(202203AC100002-02);异龙湖高原浅水湖泊云南省野外科学观测研究站(202305AM070002)联合资助

通讯作者: 黄林培,副教授,linpei_huang@ynnu.edu.cn E-mail: linpei_huang@ynnu.edu.cn

作者简介: 王旭(1997-),男,云南威信人,云南师范大学硕士研究生,主要研究方向为稳定同位素生态学.2055004110@qq.com

引用本文:

王旭, 郭雯, 王明果, 李平, 温雯雯, 陈丽, 郑昕, 黄林培, 陈光杰. 人类活动影响下异龙湖浮游植物碳氮稳定同位素变化特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(6): 3087-3099. WANG Xu, GUO Wen, WANG Ming-guo, LI Ping, WEN Wen-wen, CHEN Li, ZHENG Xin, HUANG Lin-pei, CHEN Guang-jie. Pattern in changes of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of phytoplankton in Yilong Lake under the influence of human activities. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(6): 3087-3099.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2023/V43/I6/3087

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