珠三角大气挥发性有机物的国庆效应及其源解析

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摘要选取珠三角典型城区和郊区站点,分析了2021年国庆假期前中后VOCs的浓度、来源及O₃生成潜力.结果表明,珠三角的O₃浓度水平整体呈国庆前中后逐时段降低趋势,其中国庆前与国庆中的O₃污染严重,浓度均值分别为(102.6±64.3), (80.2±47.7)µg/m³,且城区的污染发生频率和浓度超标值均高于郊区.珠三角TVOC与烷烃的变化规律具有一致性,烷烃是TVOC的主要成分.城区的炔烃以及活性较高的烯烃和芳香烃浓度基本呈现“假期下降,节后回升”的规律,其中节后回升幅度最大的是芳香烃,最大增幅可达82%.国庆期间,甲苯、二甲苯等工业源VOCs的浓度显著下降(约30%),而正/异丁烷、正/异戊烷等交通源VOCs的浓度相对上升(约10%),呈现“节假日停工停产+出行高峰”的假日效应.基于特征标志物比值和正交矩阵因子(PMF)的来源解析表明,节假日时段珠三角地区VOCs的主要贡献源为机动车排放源(32.4%±5.3%),非节假日时段,除关注机动车排放源(31.2%±10.8%)和溶剂使用源(20.0%±7.9%)外,城区还应关注油气挥发源(21.3%±3.8%),郊区关注燃烧源(23.9%±12.3%).各站点最大贡献源在非节假日与节假日之间的变化反映出工作日与假日不同的人口流动方向,具有假日效应.城区节假日和非节假日O₃生成潜势贡献最大的组分均为芳香烃,郊区为烯烃或芳香烃.城区和郊区节假日时段的烯烃OFP占比高于非节假日,芳香烃则相反.

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	陈珺
	龚道程
	廖彤
	周炎
	张涛
	王瑞文
	王好
	陈多宏
	王伯光

关键词 ：挥发性有机物(VOCs), 珠江三角洲, 国庆效应, PMF源解析, 光化学污染

Abstract：The typical urban and suburban sites in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) were selected to analyse the concentration, source and O₃ formation potential of VOCs before, during and after the CNDH in 2021. The results showed that the overall O₃ concentration in the PRD decreased from pre-CNDH to after-CNDH. O₃ pollution was serious pre-CNDH and during CNDH, and the mean concentrations were (102.6±64.3), (80.2±47.7)µg/m³, respectively. In addition, the occurrence frequency of O₃ pollution and excessive O₃ concentration in urban areas were higher than those in suburban areas. The changes of TVOC and alkanes in the PRD were consistent, and alkanes could be the main components affecting the changes of TVOC. The concentrations of alkynes, highly active olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons in urban areas showed a pattern of decreasing during the holiday and increasing after the CNDH. The concentrations of alkynes increased the most after the holiday with a maximum increase of 82%. During the CNDH, the concentrations of VOCs from industrial sources such as toluene and xylene decreased significantly (about 30%), while the concentrations of VOCs from traffic sources such as n/iso-butane and n/iso-pentane increased (about 10%), showing a holiday effect of work and production shutdown plus travel peak during holidays. The source analysis based on the ratio of characteristic markers and positive matrix factorization (PMF) showed that the main contribution sources of VOCs in the PRD during holidays were vehicle emission sources (32.4%±5.3%). During non-holiday periods, in addition to vehicle emission sources (31.2%±10.8%) and solvent use sources (20.0%±7.9%), oil and gas evaporation sources (21.3%±3.8%) and combustion sources (23.9%±12.3%) should also be paid attention to in urban areas and suburban areas. The change of the largest contribution source between non-holidays and holidays reflected the different directions of population flow. The major contribution groups on holidays and non-holidays in urban areas were aromatic hydrocarbons, and those in suburban areas were olefins or aromatic hydrocarbons. The OFP ratios of olefins during holidays in urban and suburban areas were higher than those during non-holidays, while the ratios of aromatic hydrocarbons were the opposite.

Key words： volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Pearl River Delta National Day holiday effect PMF source analysis photochemical pollution

收稿日期: 2022-11-03

PACS:

X51

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助面上项目(42077190);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目(42205105);暨南大学广州区域低碳经济研究基地自设项目(22JNZS50);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(21622319)

通讯作者: 陈多宏,教授级高工,chenduohong@139.com;王伯光,教授,tbongue@jnu.edu.cn E-mail: chenduohong@139.com;tbongue@jnu.edu.cn

作者简介: 陈珺(1998-),女,广东湛江人,暨南大学硕士研究生,主要从事挥发性有机物污染方面的研究.crinachan1218@163.com

引用本文:

陈珺, 龚道程, 廖彤, 周炎, 张涛, 王瑞文, 王好, 陈多宏, 王伯光. 珠三角大气挥发性有机物的国庆效应及其源解析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(7): 3265-3280. CHEN Jun, GONG Dao-cheng, LIAO Tong, ZHOU Yan, ZHANG Tao, WANG Rui-Wen, WANG Hao, CHEN Duo-hong, WANG Bo-guang. National Day effect and source analysis of atmospheric volatile organic compounds in the Pearl River Delta region. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(7): 3265-3280.

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