天津市持续高温强光照天气下臭氧污染差异性

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摘要为了解天津市的O₃污染,本文选取2022年8月1~4日和9月8~10日2次典型持续高温强光照过程,基于O₃浓度、前体物浓度和组分以及气象要素的观测数据,利用数值模式分析技术和标记法源追踪技术,分析2次典型时段O₃关键影响因素和变化特点.结果表明:大气扩散条件差异对前体物和O₃生成潜势(OFP)的影响,是2次高温过程O₃浓度差异的关键影响因素,50.6%通风系数差异,137.5%的NO₂浓度差异和6.4%的OFP差异导致8月1~4日未形成O₃超标污染,而9月8~10日出现持续O₃轻至中度污染.观测和数值模式在O₃成因分析上显示出较好的一致性,与8月1~4日相比,9月8~10日白天净生成O₃多2.04µg/(m³·h),夜间O₃净损耗少0.88µg/(m³·h),导致2次过程O₃浓度存在显著差异;此外,夜间热力抬升减弱以后,低压系统相比高压系统,更易于近地面O₃浓度降低,是2次持续高温过程O₃浓度差异的辅助原因.从2次过程和2022年夏季O₃污染特征分析,2022年O₃生成潜势除了受温度、紫外辐射等光化学指标影响外,也极大的受到大气扩散条件对前体物影响的制约,高温强光照天气条件下,7~9月通风系数与O₃浓度相关系数达0.61.随着PM_2.5和O₃协同控制的持续开展,低风速、低混合层以及通风系数这些用于分析PM_2.5污染的大气扩散指标,在O₃预测和防控中指示性将明显增强.

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	肖致美
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关键词 ：天津, O₃, 高温强光照, 挥发性有机物(VOCs), O₃生成潜势(OFP), WRF-Chem, 关键因子

Abstract：In order to understand the patterns of O₃ pollution in Tianjin, based on the monitoring data of O₃, concentrations and compositions of precursors, and meteorological data, differences in the key influencing factors and variation characteristics of O₃ during two typical periods were analyzed by using the atmospheric chemical model and marker source tracking technology. The study period was from August 1th to 4th and September 8th to 10th in 2022, during which there were two typical processes of continuous high temperature and strong light weathers. The results showed that the impact of atmospheric diffusion condition on the precursors and ozone formation potentials (OFP) was the key factor affecting the O₃ concentration in the two high-temperature processes. The 50.6% difference in ventilation coefficient, 137.5% difference in NO₂ concentration and 6.4% difference in OFP led to the obvious difference of O₃ concentration in two high-temperature processes, the O₃ concentration was at good level from August 1th to 4th, while O₃ concentration was at lightly to moderately pollution level from September 8th to 10th. Observation and chemical model showed good consistency in the analysis of O₃ formation. Compared with the period of August 1th to 4th, the net production of O₃ in the daytime increased by 2.04µg/(m³·h) and the net loss of O₃ at night decreased by 0.88µg/(m³·h) from September 8th to 10th, which led to a significant difference in the concentration of O₃ between the two processes. In addition, the low-pressure system was more likely to reduce the surface O₃ concentrations than the high-pressure system after the weakening of thermal rise at night, which was the auxiliary reason for the difference of O₃ concentrations during the two continuous high temperature processes. Analysis of the two processes and the characteristics of O₃ pollution in the summer of 2022 showed that OFP was greatly restricted by the influence of atmospheric diffusion conditions on precursors except the influence of photochemical indicators such as temperature and ultraviolet radiation in 2022, under the high temperature and strong light weather conditions, the correlation coefficient between ventilation coefficient and O₃ concentrations from July to September has reached 0.61. With the continuously promote of PM_2.5 and O₃ collaborative control, indicators such as low wind speed, low mixing layer and ventilation coefficient, which are used to analyze the atmospheric diffusion for PM_2.5 will be more indicative in O₃ prediction and control in the future.

Key words： Tianjin ozone high temperature and strong sunlight volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ozone formation potentials (OFP) WRF-chem key indicators

收稿日期: 2022-11-19

PACS:

X513

基金资助:天津市科技计划项目(21YFSNSN00200);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42177465)

通讯作者: 蔡子颖,正高级工程师,120078030@163.com;杨宁,工程师,13820388835@163.com E-mail: 120078030@163.com;13820388835@163.com

作者简介: 肖致美(1972-),女,河南周口人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事环境空气质量预测和评估研究.发表论文30篇.xiaozhimei01@163.com

引用本文:

肖致美, 李鹏, 孔君, 高璟赟, 徐虹, 李丹, 蔡子颖, 杨宁. 天津市持续高温强光照天气下臭氧污染差异性[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(7): 3322-3330. XIAO Zhi-mei, LI Peng, KONG Jun, GAO Jing-yun, XU Hong, LI Dan, CAI Zi-ying, YANG Ning. Difference of ozone pollution under the continuous high temperature and strong sunlight weather in Tianjin. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(7): 3322-3330.

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