Source analysis of PM2.5 in the typical mixed functional zone of Shenzhen
LAN Zi-juan1, JIANG Jia-hao2, LIN Li-liang2, HUANG Xiao-feng2, HE Ling-yan2
1. Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen 518000 China; 2. Key Laboratory of Urban Human Residential Environmental Science and Technology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
Abstract:In order to accurately identify the source of PM2.5 pollution in the typical commercial, residential and industrial mixed functional areas of the Shenzhen, this study selected five points in the northern part of Shenzhen to be located in the northern part of Shenzhen from September 2017 to August 2018. The sample collection and composition analysis of particles with a dynamic diameter of less than 2.5μm, using the optimized multivariate linear engine model (ME-2) to explore its main sources and their temporal and spatial characteristics. The results show that the study period of the study area The annual average concentration of PM2.5 in the atmosphere is 29.0μg/m3, and 10 sources of SO2 secondary conversion(19.9%), motor vehicles(15.1%), biomass combustion(11.2%), etc. are analyzed, of which SO2 secondary conversion, biomass combustion, NOx secondary conversion, VOCs secondary conversion, industrial emissions, aged sea salt and ocean-going ship sources have significant regional transmission characteristics, while motor vehicle sources, coal burning and dust have local source characteristics and are subject to local emissions. The impact is greater. Motor vehicle sources, NOx secondary conversion sources, industrial emissions and biomass combustion sources have increased most significantly under heavy pollution weather. Strengthening the control of these sources is the key to the refined prevention and control of PM2.5 pollution in such mixed functional areas.
兰紫娟, 江家豪, 林理量, 黄晓锋, 何凌燕. 深圳市典型混合功能区PM2.5源解析研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021, 41(9): 4001-4008.
LAN Zi-juan, JIANG Jia-hao, LIN Li-liang, HUANG Xiao-feng, HE Ling-yan. Source analysis of PM2.5 in the typical mixed functional zone of Shenzhen. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2021, 41(9): 4001-4008.
Wichmann H E, Spix C, Tuch T, et al. Daily mortality and fine and ultrafine particles in Erfurt, Germany part I:role of particle number and particle mass[J]. Research report (Health Effects Institute), 2000,98(98):5-86.
[2]
Kumar P, Patton A P, Durant J L, et al. A review of factors impacting exposure to PM2.5, ultrafine particles and black carbon in Asian transport microenvironments[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2018,187:301-316.
[3]
李沈鑫,邹滨,刘兴权,等.2013~2015年中国PM2.5污染状况时空变化[J]. 环境科学研究, 2017,(5):678-687.Li Shenxin, Zou Bin, Liu Xingquan, et al. Temporal and spatial changes of PM2.5 pollution in China from 2013 to 2015[J]. Environmental Science Research, 2017,(5):678-687.
[4]
Kate A, Greenbaum D S, Rashid S, et al. Particulate matter components, sources, and health:Systematic approaches to testing effects[J]. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2015, 65(5):544-558.
[5]
深圳人居委.省生态环境厅发布2018年环境空气质量状况深圳PM2.5浓度26微克/立方米,达到历史最优[EB/OL]. http://www.sznews.com/news/content/2019-01/21/content_21364040.htm. Shenzhen Municipal Commission of Human Settlements. Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment released 2018 ambient air quality status. Shenzhen PM2.5 concentration was 26 micrograms/m3, reaching the highest level in history[EB/OL].
[6]
Huang X F, He L Y, Hu M, et al. Highly time-resolved chemical characterization of atmospheric submicron particles during 2008 Beijing Olympic Games using an Aerodyne High-Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometer[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2010,10(18):8933-8945.
[7]
Sun Y, Zhang Q, Schwab J J, et al. Characterization of the sources and processes of organic and inorganic aerosols in New York city with a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass apectrometer[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2010,11(4):1581-1602.
[8]
Gregory B, Gary V, Hannigan MP, et al. Use of synthetic data to evaluate positive matrix factorization as a source apportionment tool for PM2.5 exposure data[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2006,40(6):1892-1901.
[9]
申航印.基于ME-2模型的珠三角典型城区PM2.5源解析[D]. 北京:北京大学, 2019.Shen Hangyin. Analysis of PM2.5 sources in typical urban areas of the Pearl River Delta based on ME-2 model[D]. Beijing:Peking University, 2019.
[10]
Chow J C, Watson J G, Pritchett L C, et al. The DRI Thermal/Optical Reflectance carbon analysis system:description, evaluation and application in U.S. air quality studies[J]. Atmospheric Environment Part A, 1993,27(8):1185-1201.
[11]
Chow J C, Watson J G, Grow D, et al. Comparison of IMPROVE and NIOSH carbon measurements[J]. Aerosol Science and Technology, 2001,34(1):23-41.
[12]
He L Y, Huang X F, Xue L, et al. Submicron aerosol analysis and organic source apportionment in an urban atmosphere in Pearl River Delta of China using high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry. J Geophys Res, 2011,116:D12304.
[13]
He L Y, Hu M, Zhang Y H, et al. Fine Particle Emissions from On-Road Vehicles in the Zhujiang Tunnel, China[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008,42(12):4461-4466.
[14]
Crippa M, Canonaco F, Lanz VA, et al. Organic aerosol components derived from 25 AMS data sets across Europe using a consistent ME-2 based source apportionment approach[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,14,12(2014-06-23), 2014,14(12):6159-6176.
[15]
Paatero P, Tapper U. Positive matrix factorization:A non-negative factor model with optimal utilization of error estimates of data values[J]. Environmetrics, 1994,5(2):111-126.
[16]
Canagaratna M R, Jimenez J L, Kroll J H, et al. Elemental ratio measurements of organic compounds using aerosol mass spectrometry:characterization, improved calibration, and implications[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics, 2015,15(1):253-272.
[17]
Liu B S, Wu J H, Zhang J Y, et al. Characterization and source apportionment of PM2.5, based on error estimation from EPA PMF 5.0 model at a medium city in China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 222:10-22.
[18]
Paatero P, Tapper U. Positive matrix factorization:A non-negative factor model with optimal utilization of error estimates of data values[J]. Environmetrics, 2010,5(2):111-126.
[19]
申航印,何凌燕,林理量,等.利用ME-2模型提升PM2.5源解析效果[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019,39(9):3682-3690.Shen Hangyin, He Lingyan, Lin Liliang, et al. Using ME-2 model to improve PM2.5 source analysis effect[J]. China Environmental Science, 2019,39(9):3682-3690.
[20]
Yuan Z, Lau A K H, Zhang H, et al. Identification and spatiotemporal variations of dominant PM10 sources over Hong Kong[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2006,40(10):1803-1815.
[21]
Bohemen H D V, Laak W H J V D. The Influence of Road Infrastructure and Traffic on Soil, Water, and Air Quality[J]. Environmental Management, 2003,31(1):50-68.
[22]
Jimenez J L, Canagaratna M R, Donahue N M, et al. Evolution of organic aerosols in the atmosphere[J]. Science, 2009,326(5959):1525-1529.
[23]
Chow J, Watson J. Review of PM2.5 and PM10 Apportionment for Fossil Fuel Combustion and Other Sources by the Chemical Mass Balance Receptor Model[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2002,16(2):222-260.
[24]
Yuan Z, Lau A K H, Zhang H, et al. Identification and spatiotemporal variations of dominant PM10 sources over Hong Kong[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2006,40(10):1803-1815.
[25]
Márcia A Yamasoe, Artaxo P, Miguel A H, et al. Chemical composition of aerosol particles from direct emissions of vegetation fires in the Amazon Basin:water-soluble species and trace elements[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2000,34(10):1641-1653.
[26]
Choi M, Lee D, Choi J, et al. (239+240)Pu concentration and isotope ratio ((240)Pu/(239)Pu) in aerosols during high dust (Yellow Sand) period, Korea[J]. 2006,370:262-270.
[27]
Wang Q Q, Huang X H H, Zhang T, et al. Organic tracer-based source analysis of PM2.5 organic and elemental carbon:A case study at Dongguan in the Pearl River Delta, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2015,118:164-175.
[28]
Yudovich Y E, Ketris M P. Chlorine in coal:A review[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2006,67(1):127-144.
[29]
Lanz V A, Alfarra M R, Baltensperger U, et al. Source apportionment of submicron organic aerosols at an urban site by factor analytical modelling of aerosol mass spectra[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2007,7(6):1503-1522.
[30]
Huang X F, Zou B B, He L Y, et al. Exploration of PM2.5 sources on the regional scale in the Pearl River Delta based on ME-2 modeling[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics, 2018:1-23.
[31]
Mason B. Principles of geochemistry. 2nd ed[M]. New York:John Wiley and Sons Inc., 1958.
[32]
Huang XF, Yu JZ, He LY, et al. Water-soluble organic carbon and oxalate in aerosols at a coastal urban site in China:Size distribution characteristics, sources, and formation mechanisms[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 2006,111(D22):D22212.
[33]
Taylor S R, Mclennan S M. The Geochemical Evolution of the Continental Crust[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 1995,33(2):241-265.
[34]
邹北冰.基于ME-2模型珠三角区域PM2.5源解析研究[D]. 北京:北京大学, 2014.Zou Beibing. Research on PM2.5 source analysis based on ME-2 model in the Pearl River Delta[D]. Beijing:Peking University, 2014.