1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; 2. Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan 030024, China; 3. Datong Ecological Environment Assessment Center, Datong 037000, China
Abstract：Based on the resource attribute of waste activated sludge (WAS), A novel electro-fermentation (EF) system mediated by iron anode was constructed to investigate the effect of NaCl concentration (10mmol/L, 30mmol/L and 60mmol/L) on synchronous hydrogen and vivianite recovery from simulative sludge fermentation liquid. Results showed that hydrogen yield peaked at (387.8±14.2) mL under 10mmol/L, promoted by 23.5% and 286.6% compared with that of 30mmol/L (312.2±18.6) mL and 60mmol/L (100.3±10.4) mL. The corresponding utilizing efficiency of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) reached 81.2%, which was much higher than that obtained in other groups. Soluble phosphate was completely removed within 3d in each group, Fe2+ content was reduced with NaCl concentration increase, accounted for 77.6% in 10mmol/L group. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the recovered precipitate was vivianite, and the crystallinity was negatively related with NaCl concentration. Meanwhile, the charge-discharge property of biofilm was promoted by the low electrolyte concentration, the dominating microbial consortia attached to the bio-cathode in 10mmol/L group, i.e., electrochemically active bacteria (EAB), anaerobic fermentation bacteria (AFB) and dissimilatory iron reducing bacteria (DIRB, e.g, Bacteroides, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas), accounting for 22.10%, 42.37% and 9.17%, respectively.
郝晓地,申 展,李 季,等.国际上主要污水磷回收技术的应用进展及与之相关的政策措施 [J]. 环境工程学报, 2022,16(11):3507-3516. Hao X D, Shen Z, Li J, et al. Global applied cases and technical summary of phosphaterecovery from wastewater [J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2022,16(11):3507-3516.
[2]
Liang T, Khaled E, Liu B C, et al. Anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge for volatile fatty acid production: Recent updates of pretreatment methods and the potential effect of humic and nutrients substances [J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2021, 145:321-339.
[3]
戴晓虎,张 辰,章林伟,等.碳中和背景下污泥处理处置与资源化发展方向思考 [J]. 给水排水, 2021,47(3):1-5. Dai X H, Zhang C, Zhang L W, et al. Thoughts on the development direction of sludge treatment and resource recovery under the background of carbon neutrality [J]. Water & Wastewater Engineering, 2021,47(3):1-5.
[4]
Fang W, Zhang X D, Zhang P Y, et al. Overview of key operation factors and strategies for improving fermentative volatile fatty acid production and product regulation from sewage sludge [J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2020,87:93-111.
[5]
Yu B, Luo J H, Xie H H, et al. Species, fractions, and characterization of phosphorus in sewage sludge: A critical review from the perspective of recovery [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021,786:147437.
[6]
Yang E, Omar M H, Park S, et al. A review on self-sustainable microbial electrolysis cells for electro-biohydrogen production via coupling with carbon-neutral renewable energy technologies [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2021,320:124363.
[7]
曹 麒,鄢胜韩,庄廷烽,等.预处理污泥发酵液直接用于微生物电解池产氢研究 [J]. 环境科学学报, 2022.Doi:10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2022. 0228. Cao Q, Yan S H, Zhuang T F, et al. Hydrogen production from pretreated sludge fermentation liquid in microbial [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2022.Doi:10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2022.0228.
[8]
王晓洁.不同温度污泥厌氧发酵产酸及其代表性组分微生物电解池产氢研究 [D]. 福州:福建师范大学, 2019. Wang X J. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production by anaerobic fermentation of sludge at different temperatures and hydrogen production from representative components of the anaerobic digestion liquid of sludge in microbial electrolysis cell [D]. Fuzhou: Fujian Normal University, 2019.
[9]
Wu Y, Cao J S, Zhang Q, et al. Continuous waste activated sludge and food waste co-fermentation for synchronously recovering vivianite and volatile fatty acids at different sludge retention times: Performance and microbial response [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2020,313: 123610.
[10]
Cao, J S, Wu Y, Zhao J N, et al. Phosphorus recovery as vivianite from waste activated sludge via optimizing iron source and pH value during anaerobic fermentation [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2019,293: 122088.
[11]
Zhang J Q, Chen Z J, Liu Y W, et al. Phosphorus recovery from wastewater and sewage sludge as vivianite [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022,370:133439.
[12]
Zhou A J, Liu Z H, Wang S F, et al. Bio-electrolysis contribute to simultaneous bio-hydrogen recovery and phosphorus release from waste activated sludge assisted with prefermentation [J]. Energy, 2019, 185:787-794.
[13]
Wang, S, Wu Y, An J K, et al. Geobacter autogenically secretes fulvic acid to facilitate the dissimilated iron reduction and vivianite recovery [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2020,54:10850-10858.
[14]
Park H, Choo K H, Park H S, et al. Electrochemical oxidation and microfiltration of municipal wastewater with simultaneous hydrogen production: Influence of organic and particulate matter [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2013,215-216:802-810.
[15]
Ding P, Wu P, Zhang J, et al. Damage of anodic biofilms by high salinity deteriorates PAHs degradation in single-chamber microbial electrolysis cell reactor [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 777:145752.
[16]
Sun C, Leiknes T O, Jan W, et al. Salinity effect on a biofilm-MBR process for shipboard wastewater treatment [J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2010,72:380-387.
[17]
Martin N, Ya V, Leewiboonsilp N, et al. Electrochemical crystallization for phosphate recovery from an electronic industry wastewater effluent using sacrificial iron anodes [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020,276:124234.
[18]
Wang R, Liu M Y, Zhang M, et al. An iron-air fuel cell system towards concurrent phosphorus removal and resource recovery in the form of vivianite and energy generation in wastewater treatment: A sustainable technology regarding phosphorus [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021,791:148213.
[19]
Wu Y, Wang C, Wang S, et al. Graphite accelerate dissimilatory iron reduction and vivianite crystal enlargement [J]. Water Reseach, 2021, 189:116663.
[20]
Li C Y, Sheng Y Q, Xu H d. Phosphorus recovery from sludge by pH enhanced anaerobic fermentation and vivianite crystallization [J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2020,9(1):104663.
[21]
Prot T, Wijdeveld W, Ekua Eshun L, et al. Full-scale increased iron dosage to stimulate the formation of vivianite and its recovery from digested sewage sludge [J]. Water Reseach, 2020,182:115911.
[22]
Wen Q, Liu B Z, Chen Z Q. Simultaneous recovery of vivianite and produce short-chain fatty acids from waste activated sludge using potassium ferrate as pre-oxidation treatment [J]. Environmental Research, 2022,208:112661.
[23]
纪 元.304含铜抗菌不锈钢在铁氧细菌和硫酸盐还原菌溶液中的腐蚀行为研究 [D]. 沈阳:辽宁大学, 2015. Ji Y. IOB and SRB Influenced corrosion characteristic research on 304-Cu stainless Steel [D]. Shenyang: Liaoning University, 2015.
[24]
郝晓地,周 健,王崇臣,等.污水磷回收新产物—蓝铁矿 [J]. 环境科学学报, 2018,38(11):4223-4234. Hao X D, Zhou J, Wang C C, et al. New product of phosphorus recovery—vivianite [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2018,38(11): 4223-4234.
[25]
刘芝宏.游离亚硝酸强化剩余污泥电发酵产氢同步磷释放及机制研究 [D]. 太原:太原理工大学, 2020. Liu Z H. Study on hydrogen recovery and phosphorus release mechanism in electro-fermentation system enhanced by free nitrous acid [D]. Taiyuan: Taiyuan University of Technology, 2020.
[26]
丁 健.铁还原菌Sphingomonas sp.DJ的分离及其降解特性的研究 [D]. 大连:大连理工大学, 2014. Ding J. Isolation of an iron reducing bacterium sphingomonas sp. DJ and characterization of its ability in degradation of refractory substances [D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2014.
[27]
黄臣臣.铁还原菌对土壤胶体与砷相互作用的影响研究 [D]. 贵阳:贵州大学, 2019. Huang C C. Effect of iron-reducing bacteria on the interaction between soil colloid and arsenic[D]. Guiyang: Guizhou University, 2019.
[28]
董子阳,胡佳杰,胡宝兰.微生物铁载体转运调控机制及其在环境污染修复中的应用 [J]. 生物工程学报, 2019.35(11):2189-2200. Dong Z Y, Hu J J and Hu B L. Regulation of microbial siderophore transport and its application in environmental remediation [J]. Chinese Journal of Biotechnology, 2019,35(11):2189-2200.
