Research on the rapid cultivation of Feammox sludge, nitrogen removal characteristics and microbial community structure of Feammox process
LI Zhe, LI Jun, ZHENG Zhao-ming
National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Abstract：In this study, the effect of pH value on Ferric ammonium oxidation (Feammox) performance was investigated under the micro oxygen environment through short-term experiments. The initial NH4+-N and Fe3+concentrations in the batch experiment were 70.0 and 300.0mg/L, respectively. When no ferric iron was added, the activated sludge could use dissolved oxygen for ammonium oxidation, and the removal amount of NH4+-N was 8.8mg/L. After adding ferric iron, the removal amount of NH4+-N increased to 76.9mg/L. Compared with the experiment without adding ferric iron, the removal amount of NH4+-N in activated sludge increased by 7.7times. Moreover, the nitrogen removal performance and functional microorganisms of the activated sludge-Feammox reactor were investigated through long-term experiments. After acclimation, the average NH4+-N removal rate of the Feammox reactor reached 1.6mg N/(g VSS·d). In a typical cycle, the pH value decreased from 9.0 to 7.8, and the NH4+-N concentration decreased from 35.5mg/L to 1.9mg/L. The NO2--N concentration increased from 11.2mg/L to 18.1mg/L, and the NO3--N concentration increased from 8.1mg/L to 13.4mg/L. The total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) concentration decreased from 54.8mg/L to 33.3mg/L. In mature Feammox sludge, the dominant iron reducing bacteria were unclassified Acidobacter (1.92%) and Pseudomonas (0.22%), which might play an important role in ferric ammonium oxidation.
李哲, 李军, 郑照明. Feammox污泥快速富集、脱氮特性和微生物群落结构[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(7): 3464-3471.
LI Zhe, LI Jun, ZHENG Zhao-ming. Research on the rapid cultivation of Feammox sludge, nitrogen removal characteristics and microbial community structure of Feammox process. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(7): 3464-3471.
Strous M, Heijnen J J, Kuenen J G, et al. The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms [J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1998,50(5):589-596.
[2]
杨京月,郑照明,李 军,等.厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化底物竞争抑制特性 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2018,38(8):2947-2953. Yang J Y, Zheng Z M, Li J, et al. The inhibitive characteristics by substrate competition of the anammox coupling denitrification process [J]. Chinese Environmental Science, 2018,38(8):2947-2953.
[3]
Wang H, Yang M, Liu K, et al. Insights into the synergy between functional microbes and dissolved oxygen partition in the single-stage partial nitritation-anammox granules system [J]. Bioresource technology, 2022,347:126364.
[4]
Weralupitiya C, Wanigatunge R, Joseph S, et al. Anammox bacteria in treating ammonium rich wastewater: Recent perspective and appraisal [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2021,334(125240). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125240
[5]
Clement J C, Shrestha J, Ehrenfeld J G, et al. Ammonium oxidation coupled to dissimilatory reduction of iron under anaerobic conditions in wetland soils [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2005,37(12): 2323-2328.
[6]
Sawayama S. Possibility of anoxic ferric ammonium oxidation [J]. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2006,101(1):70-72.
[7]
Park W, Nam Y, Lee M, et al. Anaerobic ammonia-oxidation coupled with Fe3+ reduction by an anaerobic culture from a piggery wastewater acclimated to NH4+/Fe3+ medium [J]. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 2009,14(5):680-685.
[8]
Zhu T, Lai W, Zhang Y, et al. Feammox process driven anaerobic ammonium removal of wastewater treatment under supplementing Fe(III) compounds [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022,804(149965). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149965
[9]
Yang W H, Weber K A, Silver W L. Nitrogen loss from soil through anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to iron reduction [J]. Nature Geoscience, 2012,5(8):538-541.
[10]
Zhu J, Li T, Liao C, et al. A promising destiny for Feammox: From biogeochemical ammonium oxidation to wastewater treatment [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021,790(148038). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148038
[11]
Ding B J, Zhang H, Luo W Q, et al. Nitrogen loss through denitrification, anammox and Feammox in a paddy soil [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021,773(145601). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145601
[12]
Wan J Y, Chen T J, Zhou X L, et al. Efficient improvement for the direct reduction of high-iron red mud by co-reduction with high-manganese iron ore [J]. Minerals Engineering, 2021,174(107024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2021.107024
[13]
Huang S, Jaffe P R. Characterization of incubation experiments and development of an enrichment culture capable of ammonium oxidation under iron-reducing conditions [J]. Biogeosciences, 2015,12(3):769-779.
[14]
Li X, Huang Y, Liu H, et al. Simultaneous Fe(III) reduction and ammonia oxidation process in Anammox sludge [J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2018,64:42-50.
[15]
Chung P L, Hai T N, Toi D N, et al. Ammonium and organic carbon co-removal under feammox-coupled-with-heterotrophy condition as an efficient approach for nitrogen treatment [J]. Scientific Reports, 2021,11(1):1-11.
[16]
吴 胤,陈 琛,毛小云,等.基于Feammox的生物膜反应器性能研究 [J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(9):3353-3362. Wu Y, Chen C, Mao X Y, et al. Study on performance of the Feammox biofilm-reactor [J]. Chinese Environmental Science, 2017,37(9):3353-3362.
[17]
刘恒蔚,毕 玮,李 祥,等.厌氧氨氧化与铁氨氧化反应器功能微生物对比研究 [J]. 环境科学与技术, 2020,43(6):39-45. Liu H W, Bi W, Li X, et al. Comparative analysis of functional bacteria communities in feammox and anammox reactors [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2020,43(6):39-45.
[18]
Zhu J, Yan X, Zhou L, et al. Insight of bacteria and archaea in Feammox community enriched from different soils [J]. Environmental Research, 2022,203(111802). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111802
[19]
Rodriguez C, Cisternas J, Serrano J, et al. Nitrogen Removal by an Anaerobic Iron-Dependent Ammonium Oxidation (Feammox) Enrichment: Potential for Wastewater Treatment [J]. Water, 2021,13 (3462):1-13.
[20]
Gottshall E Y, Bryson S J, Cogert K I, et al. Sustained nitrogen loss in a symbiotic association of Comammox Nitrospira and Anammox bacteria [J]. Water Research, 2021,202(117426). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117426
[21]
Apha. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st edu [J]. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C, USA. 2005.
[22]
Schuetz B, Schicklberger M, Kuermann J, et al. Periplasmic Electron Transfer via the c-Type Cytochromes MtrA and FccA of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 [J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2009,75(24):7789-7796.
[23]
Nevin K P, Lovley D R. Mechanisms for accessing insoluble Fe(III) oxide during dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction by Geothrix fermentans [J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2002,68(5):2294-2299.
[24]
Murphy J N, Saltikov C W. The cymA gene, encoding a tetraheme c-type cytochrome, is required for arsenate respiration in Shewanella species [J]. Journal of Bacteriology, 2007,189(6):2283-2290.
[25]
Taillefert M, Beckler J S, Carey E, et al. Shewanella putrefaciens produces an Fe(III)-solubilizing organic ligand during anaerobic respiration on insoluble Fe(III) oxides [J]. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 2007,101(11/12):1760-1767.
[26]
Turick C E, Tisa L S, Caccavo F. Melanin production and use as a soluble electron shuttle for Fe(III) oxide reduction and as a terminal electron acceptor by Shewanella algae BrY [J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2002,68(5):2436-2444.
[27]
Huang S, Jaffe P R. Isolation and characterization of an ammonium-oxidizing iron reducer: Acidimicrobiaceae sp A6 [J]. Plos One. 2018,13(e01940074). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194007
[28]
Oshiki M, Ishii S, Yoshida K, et al. Nitrate-Dependent Ferrous Iron Oxidation by Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (Anammox) Bacteria [J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2013,79(13):4087-4093.
[29]
Picardal F. Abiotic and microbial interactions during anaerobic transformations of Fe(II) and NOX-[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2012,3(112). https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00112
[30]
Li H, Su J Q, Yang X R, et al. RNA Stable Isotope Probing of Potential Feammox Population in Paddy Soil [J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2019,53(9):4841-4849.
[31]
Zhou G W, Yang X R, Li H, et al. Electron Shuttles Enhance Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Coupled to Iron(III) Reduction [J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2016,50(17):9298-9307.
[32]
Coupland K, Johnson D B. Evidence that the potential for dissimilatory ferric iron reduction is widespread among acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria [J]. Fems Microbiology Letters, 2008,279(1): 30-35.
[33]
Eichorst S A, Trojan D, Roux S, et al. Genomic insights into the Acidobacteria reveal strategies for their success in terrestrial environments [J]. Environmental Microbiology, 2018,20(3):1041-1063.
[34]
Kielak A M, Barreto C C, Kowalchuk G A, et al. The Ecology of Acidobacteria: Moving beyond Genes and Genomes [J]. Frontiers In Microbiology, 2016,7(744). https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00744
[35]
Xiong J B, Liu Y Q, Lin X G, et al. Geographic distance and pH drive bacterial distribution in alkaline lake sediments across Tibetan Plateau [J]. Environmental Microbiology, 2012,14(9):2457-2466.
