基于输出系数法的农业面源氮磷排放特征分析

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摘要为研究东江源头区农业面源氮磷负荷情况,利用改进的输出系数模型(ECM)对2020年东江源头区农业面源氮磷排放特征进行了探讨.结果表明:(1)东江源头区农业面源污染物总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)负荷量分别是4884.23t/a和591.85t/a, TN污染负荷是TP污染负荷的8.25倍,其中高于源头区TN平均负荷量的乡镇依次为留车镇、文峰乡、晨光镇、南桥镇、吉潭镇、丹溪乡和澄江镇,高于源头区TP平均负荷量的乡镇依次为晨光镇、留车镇、南桥镇、文峰乡、丹溪乡、菖蒲乡和吉潭镇.(2)氮磷污染负荷强度与负荷量不同,且表现出一定的空间差异性.污染负荷量较高分别为留车镇和晨光镇,但负荷强度最高分别为南桥镇和菖蒲乡.TN负荷强度较高的依次为南桥镇、菖蒲乡、晨光镇、留车镇和项山乡,均高于源头区TN平均负荷强度2.88t/(km²×a);TP负荷强度较高的依次为菖蒲乡、南桥镇、晨光镇、丹溪乡、留车镇和罗珊乡,均高于源头区TP平均负荷强度0.36t/(km²×a).(3)不同污染源类型对氮磷排放的贡献率不一致,TN污染表现为土地利用>农村生活>畜禽养殖,TP污染表现为畜禽养殖>土地利用>农村生活.其中氮源中土地利用污染占比为37.67%~80.29%,主要分布在长宁镇、桂竹帽镇、三标乡、水源乡、文峰乡等;磷源中畜禽养殖污染占比44.75%~70.71%,主要分布在菖蒲乡、晨光镇、罗珊乡、南桥镇、丹溪乡、龙廷乡和留车镇.东江源头区各乡镇氮磷面源污染特征不同,其治理手段和目标也不尽相同,对于菖蒲乡、晨光镇、南桥镇等需切实解决畜禽养殖规划性不强,部分养殖户选址不合理,粪污治理设施普及率和资源化利用水平低等问题;对于留车镇、澄江镇、吉潭镇等应大力推进小型农村污水处理设施建设,完善生活污水处理措施;对于文峰乡、三标乡、水源乡等乡镇需制定合理的施肥方案,避免化肥过量施用及利用率低的问题.

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	苟婷
	裴德富
	梁荣昌
	佘磊
	杨珺
	马千里
	赵学敏
	赵瑞
	姚玲爱

关键词 ：改进输出系数法, 农业面源污染负荷, 畜禽养殖源, 农村生活源, 土地利用类型

Abstract：To study the nitrogen and phosphorus loadings from agricultural surface sources in the source area of Dongjiang River, the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions from agricultural surface sources in the source area of Dongjiang River in 2020 were explored using an improved output coefficient model (ECM). The results show that: (1) the loads of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) of agricultural surface source pollutants in the source area of Dongjiang River were 4884.23t/a and 591.85t/a, respectively, and the TN pollution load was 8.25 times of the TP pollution load. Among the townships with higher than the average TN load were Liuche Township, Wenfeng Township, Chenguang Township, Nanqiao Township, Jitan Township, Danxi Township and Chengjiang Township, higher than the TP average load of the township were Chenguang, Liuche Township, Nanqiao Township, Wenfeng Township, Danxi Township, Calamus Township and Jitan Township. (2) Nitrogen and phosphorus pollution load intensity and load amount was different, and showed spatial variability. The higher pollution load was Liuche Township and Chenguang Township respectively, but the highest load intensity was Nanqiao Township and Calamus Township respectively. The higher TN load intensity was in the order of Nanqiao Township, Calamus Township, Chenguang Township, Liuche Township and Xiangshan Township, which all higher than the average TN load intensity of 2.88t/(km²×a) in the source area; the higher TP load intensity was in the order of Calamus Township, Nanqiao Township, Chenguang Township, Danxi Township, Liuche Township and Luoshan Township, which all higher than the source area TP average load intensity of 0.36t/(km²×a). (3) The contribution of different source types to nitrogen and phosphorus emissions was not consistent, TN pollution was manifested as land use > rural life > livestock breeding, TP pollution was manifested as livestock breeding > land use > rural life. Among the nitrogen sources, land use pollution accounted for 37.67%~80.29%, mainly distributed in Changning Township, Guizhumat Township, Sanbiao Township, Water Source Township, Wenfeng Township; phosphorus sources of livestock breeding pollution accounted for 44.75%~70.71%, mainly distributed in Calamus Township, Chenguang Township, Luoshan Township, Nanqiao Township, Danxi Township, Longting Township and Liuche Township. Based on different characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source pollution in the source area of Dongjiang River, the treatment methods were also different. For the townships were seriously polluted by livestock breeding, which should to solve the problems of poor planning of livestock breeding, unreasonable site selection and low level of resource utilization. The townships were seriously polluted by rural living pollution which should vigorously promote the construction of small rural sewage treatment facilities and improve the living sewage treatment measures. Other townships need to develop a reasonable fertilizer application program to avoid excessive application of chemical fertilizers. This study has important practical significance for improving the continuous emission reduction of agricultural non-point source pollution and ensuring the safety of water supply in Dongjiang River.

Key words： improved output coefficient method agricultural non-point source pollution livestock breeding sources rural living sources land use types

收稿日期: 2023-04-19

PACS:

X501

基金资助:广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2019B110205004);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41977353);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项 (PM-zx703-202204-075)

通讯作者: 姚玲爱,高级工程师,yaolingai@scies.org E-mail: yaolingai@scies.org

作者简介: 苟婷(1988-),女,甘肃白银人,工程师,硕士,主要从事水污染防治研究.发表论文18篇.gouting@scies.org.

引用本文:

苟婷, 裴德富, 梁荣昌, 佘磊, 杨珺, 马千里, 赵学敏, 赵瑞, 姚玲爱. 基于输出系数法的农业面源氮磷排放特征分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(12): 6539-6550. GOU Ting, PEI De-fu, LIANG Rong-chang, SHE Lei, YANG Jun, MA Qian-li, ZHAO Xue-min, ZHAO Rui, YAO Ling-ai. Analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions from agricultural non-point sources based on improved output coefficient method. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(12): 6539-6550.

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