高潜水位采煤沉陷区微塑料赋存特征及风险评估

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摘要为探明高潜水位采煤沉陷区微塑料污染赋存特征及其环境风险,选取安徽省淮南市春申湖、舜耕湿地公园两个典型采煤沉陷区为研究区域,采集了表层水体,底泥及周边农田土壤样品,采用体视显微镜、扫描电镜、红外光谱对微塑料尺寸、形状、颜色及丰度等赋存特征进行表征.结果表明:采集的样本中多为纤维微塑料和薄膜微塑料,类型主要以聚乙烯,聚丙烯为主,颜色以黄色和透明为主,粒径大多小于500μm.采煤沉陷区的地表水丰度范围为0.77~7.1pcs/L,沉积物微塑料的丰度范围为540~2800pcs/kg,周边农田土壤微塑料的丰度范围为380~2380pcs/kg.采用污染负荷指数(PLI)模型进行评估,地表水和农田土壤的风险评估都为于Ⅰ级,属于轻微污染,而沉积物中的微塑料风险评估为Ⅱ级,属于中度污染.

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	葛建华
	丁雨薇
	李佳
	张万
	马东坡
	任雪
	张世文

关键词 ：微塑料, 采煤沉陷区, 高潜水位, 表层水体, 土壤, 沉积物, 风险评估

Abstract：In order to investigate the occurrence characteristics and environmental risks of microplastic pollution in coal mining subsidence areas with high groundwater levels, two typical coal mining subsidence areas, Chunshen Lake and Shungeng Wetland Park in Huainan City, Anhui Province, were selected as study areas. Surface water, sediment and soil samples from surrounding farmland were collected. The size, shape, color and abundance of microplastics were characterized by stereoscopic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The results of the study indicated that the majority of the samples consisted of fiber microplastics and film microplastics, primarily composed of polyethylene and polypropylene. These microplastics were predominantly yellow and transparent, with particle sizes smaller than 500 μm. In terms of abundance, surface water in the coal mining subsidence area ranged from 0.77 to 7.1 pcs/L, sediment contained microplastics ranging from 540 to 2800 pcs/kg, and surrounding farmland soil had microplastics ranging from 380 to 2380 pcs/kg. By applying the Pollution Load Index (PLI) model, the risk assessment for surface water and farmland soil was classified as level Ⅰ, indicating mild pollution. On the other hand, the risk assessment for microplastics in sediments was categorized as level Ⅱ, indicating moderate pollution.

Key words： microplastics coal mining subsidence area high groundwater level surface water soil sediment risk assessment

收稿日期: 2023-08-13

PACS:

X131

基金资助:安徽省高潜水位矿区水土资源综合利用与生态保护工程实验室开放课题(2022-WSREPMA-03):安徽省高校优秀人才支持计划项目(gxyq2020012);安徽省自然科学基金面上项目(1808085ME139)

通讯作者: 葛建华,教授,gejianhua13@163.com E-mail: gejianhua13@163.com

引用本文:

葛建华, 丁雨薇, 李佳, 张万, 马东坡, 任雪, 张世文. 高潜水位采煤沉陷区微塑料赋存特征及风险评估[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(4): 2327-2335. Ge Jian-hua, Ding Yu-wei, Li Jia, Zhang Wan, Ma Dong-po, Xue Ren, Zhang Shi-wen. Characteristics and risk assessment of microplastics in coal mining subsidence area with high groundwater level. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(4): 2327-2335.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I4/2327

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