基于改性玄武岩纤维生物巢的N<sub>2</sub>O减排研究

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摘要将伞状改性玄武岩纤维(MBF)生物载体应用于泥巢混合系统,探究MBF生物巢污水处理及N₂O减排效果和机理;通过改变溶解氧(DO)浓度,探究DO对生物巢N₂O减排影响机理.结果表明,相同运行条件下,MBF生物巢法较序批式活性污泥法的TN去除率提高63.87%,N₂O排放量减少77.76%.16s RNA测序显示MBF生物巢内存在多种功能微区,微生物种群多样性丰富.Saccharibacteria genera incertae sedis为反应器主要脱碳功能菌,异养硝化好氧反硝化(HN-AD)菌属为主要硝化功能菌,其硝化过程无N₂O排放.反硝化功能菌属在生物巢内、中层以常规异养反硝化菌(HDN)为主(17.42%、23.02%),在生物巢外层及悬浮污泥中以HN-AD菌为主(29.70%、27.53%),好/缺/厌氧菌属在生物巢各层中均有分布,反硝化菌属在MBF生物巢反应器中相对丰度高于序批式活性污泥反应器,促进反硝化进行,避免了中间产物积累,减少N₂O排放量.DO浓度为2.5mg/L时,MBF生物巢反应器(M2) TN去除率最高(86.64%±1.14%),N₂O排放量最低(0.78±0.83) mg N₂O/g TN.各DO梯度下生物巢微生物种属类别基本一致,相对丰度存在差异.M2中HN-AD菌属为反应器中起硝化作用的主要功能菌,由内至外各层相对丰度为44.24%、61.34%、36.16%,利于N₂O减排;HDN为M2起反硝化作用的主要功能菌,相对丰度适中,由内至外各层相对丰度为20.17%、12.00%、21.20%,NO₂^--N和NO₃^--N出水浓度为(0.011±0.002)和(1.65±0.46) mg/L,反硝化进行完全,利于N₂O减排.

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	王丹妮
	周向同
	韦静
	耿茹
	吴智仁
	刘志刚
	侯冰倩
	朱铖

关键词 ：改性玄武岩纤维, 生物巢, N₂O减排, 溶解氧, 微生物群落结构

Abstract：This study applied umbrella-shaped modified basalt fiber (MBF) bio-carrier to an integrated fixed-film activated sludge system to investigate the performance of MBF bio-nest in wastewater treatment and N₂O emission reduction. The effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) on N₂O reduction in the bio-nest was investigated by changing the DO concentration. The results showed that under the same operating conditions, TN removal efficiency was increased by 63.87% and N₂O emission was reduced by 77.76% in the bio-nest system compared with the sequencing batch activated sludge bioreactor. According to the 16sRNA sequencing results, a variety of functional microregions existed within MBF bio-nests, with a high diversity of microbial populations. Saccharibacteria genera incertae sedis were the main carbon-removing bacteria in the reactor, and heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) genera were the main nitrifying bacteria, which did not emit N₂O during the nitrification process. Denitrification genera were dominated by conventional heterotrophic denitrification bacteria (HDN) in the inner and middle layers of the bio-nest (17.42%, 23.02%), and HN-AD bacteria in the outer layer of the bio-nest and suspended sludge (29.70%, 27.53%). Aerobic/anoxic/anaerobic genera were distributed in all layers of the bio-nest, and denitrification genera had higher relative abundance in the MBF bioreactor than in the SBR, which facilitated denitrification and mitigated the accumulation of intermediate products, reducing N₂O emissions. The MBF bio-nest reactor had the highest TN removal rate of 86.64%±1.14% and the lowest N₂O emission of (0.78±0.83) mg N₂O/g TN when the DO concentration was 2.5mg/L (M2). The bio-nest microbial genus categories were basically the same in each DO gradient, but differed in their relative abundance. In M2, HN-AD bacteria were the main nitrifying functional bacteria in the reactor (the relative abundance of the layers from inside to outside was 44.24%, 61.34%, and 36.16%), which was conducive to N₂O reduction; HDN were the main functional bacteria in the M2reactor, with moderate relative abundance of 20.17%, 12.00%, and 21.20% from inside to outside layers; the concentrations of NO₂^--N and NO₃^--N in the effluent were (0.011±0.002) and (1.65±0.46) mg/L; denitrification was carried out completely, which was conducive to the reduction of N₂O emissions.

Key words： modified basalt fiber bio-nest N₂O emission reduction dissolved oxygen microbial community composition

收稿日期: 2024-10-10

PACS:

X511

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(51808264);常州市科技计划项目(CJ20241068);江苏水处理技术与材料协同创新中心预研项目(XTCXSZ2020-4);青海省科技厅重点研发与成果转化项目(2023SF121)

作者简介: 王丹妮(2000-),女,重庆开州人,江苏大学硕士研究生,主要研究方向为污水生物处理.发表论文2篇.2212209014@ujs.edu.cn.

引用本文:

王丹妮, 周向同, 韦静, 耿茹, 吴智仁, 刘志刚, 侯冰倩, 朱铖. 基于改性玄武岩纤维生物巢的N₂O减排研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2025, 45(4): 1951-1962. WANG Dan-ni, ZHOU Xiang-tong, WEI Jing, GENG Ru, WU Zhi-ren, LIU Zhi-gang, HOU Bing-qian, ZHU Cheng. Reduction of N₂O emission in wastewater treatment by modified basalt fiber bio-nest technology. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2025, 45(4): 1951-1962.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I4/1951

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