基于承包商支付意愿的工程渣土资源化利用激励机制研究——以长沙市为例

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摘要出于成本考虑,目前承包商工程渣土多采取填埋、倾倒处置方式,如何激励其转向资源化利用是个难题.不同于以往定性研究,基于混合式条件价值评估新方法,以湖南省长沙市585位建筑从业人员的调查数据为样本,通过对承包商支付意愿及影响因素进行研究,将不明晰的非资源化处置收费价格明确化,然后提出了相应的激励机制.结果表明:承包商的平均支付意愿为73.69元/t,高于目前渣土填埋平均费用20元/t,以及非法倾倒的处罚期望成本16.70~25元/t,建议政府通过调价和征收处置税使渣土消纳费超过73.69元/t,将非法倾倒处罚额从5000元/台提高到15000元/台;工程资源化利用平均处置成本137元/t,再产品平均售价40元/t,加上承包商平均支付意愿仍小于成本.政府可根据差额直接补贴或奖励新技术研发以降低成本,并出台规定扩大再产品用量,通过需求提高再产品市场价格.74.35%受访者愿意支付以支持工程渣土资源化利用,承包商的企业性质、社会压力、环境认知、当前满意度等因素正向影响其支付意愿,受访者的项目经验却对支付意愿负向影响.政府通过加大工程渣土资源化利用宣传的引导规制,提升资源化利用补贴和非法倾倒处罚力度的奖惩规制,也都能有效激励承包商采取资源化利用.

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关键词 ：工程渣土资源化利用, 承包商支付意愿, 支付意愿影响因素, hybrid contingent valuation method

Abstract：Owing to high-cost concerns, contractors dispose the construction spoils predominantly through landfilling or dumping at present. How to motivate them to adopt recycling is a challenge. A novel contingent valuation method named HCVM was proposed in this study. Taking the survey data of 585 construction employees in Changsha City, Hunan Province as a sample, the contractors’ willingness to pay (WTP) and their influencing factors were analyzed. The unclear pricing principle of non-recycling disposal charge was clarified, and the incentive mechanism for contractor's construction spoils recycling was proposed accordingly. The results show that: 1) the average WTP of contractors is 73.69 yuan/t, which is higher than the current landfilling charge of 20 yuan/t, and the expected penalty cost for dumping of 16.70~25 yuan/t. It is suggested that the government should increase the landfilling cost over 73.69 yuan/t by pricing or tax, and raising the penalty for dumping from 5000 to 15000 yuan per truck. 2) The average disposal cost for construction spoils recycling is 137 yuan/t, and the average price of recycling products selling is 40 yuan/t. Even if including contractors' WTP, it remains lower than the total recycling cost. The government can address this discrepancy with direct monetary subsidies, rewards developing new technologies to reduce the recycling costs or issuing policies to promote the market demand and selling price of recycling products.3) 74.35% of the respondents were willing to pay for the construction spoils recycling. Factors such as the ownership attribute of contractors, pressure from the public, awareness of environmental protection, and satisfaction with current disposal method positively influence their WTP. However, the respondents' construction project experience negatively affected their WTP. The government's guidance, the higher subsidies, rewards of construction spoils recycling and stricter penalties for dumping can also effectively motivate contractors to adopt recycling behaviour.

Key words： construction spoils recycling contractor's willingness to pay factors influencing contractor's willingness to pay hybrid contingent valuation method

收稿日期: 2024-08-22

PACS:

X705

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(32101578);湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(21A0175)

作者简介: 易欣(1978-),男,江西宜春人,副教授,博士,主要从事工程建设与环境,可持续建设管理等研究.发表论文60余篇.ioriyixin@163.com.

引用本文:

易欣, 刘沫村, 陆佳惠, 沈良峰, 邱慧. 基于承包商支付意愿的工程渣土资源化利用激励机制研究——以长沙市为例[J]. 中国环境科学, 2025, 45(4): 2323-2332. YI Xin, LIU Mo-cun, LU Jia-hui, SHEN Liang-feng, QIU Hui. The incentive mechanism for construction spoils recycling based on contractor's willingness to pay: A case study of Changsha. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2025, 45(4): 2323-2332.

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