复合污染土壤中樱桃萝卜对镉、砷和铅的富集特征及其安全生产阈值

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摘要通过模拟不同污染程度的镉(Cd)、砷(As)和铅(Pb)复合污染土壤的盆栽试验,分析了樱桃萝卜在不同重金属污染条件下的生物量变化、矿质营养元素的吸收累积特征以及重金属累积特征,并进一步推导了酸性土壤中樱桃萝卜安全生产的土壤Cd、As和Pb阈值.结果表明:当土壤添加重金属浓度达到风险管制值时,樱桃萝卜表现出明显的毒害作用;樱桃萝卜根部的铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)和锌(Zn)含量随重金属污染程度的升高先增加后减少,而锰(Mn)含量则不断增加;樱桃萝卜根部对Cd的富集能力和转移最强,Cd的富集系数(BCF)平均值分别是As和Pb的18.6和115倍,Cd的转移系数(TF)平均值分别是Pb和As的4.02和2.41倍,樱桃萝卜根部对重金属的富集以及转移能力会受土壤中重金属浓度的影响;依据食品安全国家标准(GB2762—2022)中规定限值,综合考虑樱桃萝卜根部和地上部的安全生产,推导出酸性土壤中樱桃萝卜安全生产的Cd、As和Pb阈值分别为0.30、171.1和27.5mg/kg.

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	祁浩
	钱相宇
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	李花粉
	王琪
	庄重

关键词 ：重金属, 蔬菜, 矿质元素, 复合污染, 安全生产阈值

Abstract：In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to simulate soil contaminated with varying levels of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) to investigate the changes in biomass, the absorption and accumulation of mineral nutrients, as well as the accumulation characteristics of heavy metals under different contamination conditions. Furthermore, soil threshold for Cd, As, and Pb in acidic soil were derived to ensure the safe production of cherry radish. The results indicated that cherry radish exhibited significant toxic effects when heavy metals content added in soil reached the risk control threshold. The contents of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in root of cherry radish increased initially and then decreased as the level of heavy metals contamination increased, while manganese (Mn) content continuously increased. The root of cherry radish had the highest enrichment and translocation ability for Cd, with average bioconcentration factors (BCF) being 18.6 and 115 times higher than those for As and Pb, respectively. The average translocation factors (TF) for Cd were 4.02 and 2.41 times higher than those for Pb and As, respectively. Based on the National Food Safety Standard (GB2762—2022), and considering the safety of both the roots and shoots of cherry radishes, the derived soil threshold values for safe cherry radish production in acidic soil were 0.30mg/kg for Cd, 171.1mg/kg for As, and 27.5mg/kg for Pb.

Key words： heavy metals vegetable mineral elements composite pollution safety production threshold

收稿日期: 2024-09-05

PACS:

X53

基金资助:云南省重大科技专项(202202AE090029); 现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-23-B-15)

作者简介: 祁浩(1999-),男,山西临汾人,中国农业大学博士研究生,主要从事土壤重金属污染与修复研究.qihao_blake@163.com.

引用本文:

祁浩, 钱相宇, 万亚男, 李花粉, 王琪, 庄重. 复合污染土壤中樱桃萝卜对镉、砷和铅的富集特征及其安全生产阈值[J]. 中国环境科学, 2025, 45(5): 2598-2607. QI Hao, QIAN Xiang-yu, WAN Ya-nan, LI Hua-fen, WANG Qi, ZHUANG Zhong. Accumulation characteristics of Cd, As, and Pb in cherry radish (Raphanus sativus L.var.radculus pers) grown in composite polluted soil and its safe production thresholds. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2025, 45(5): 2598-2607.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I5/2598

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