成都市及周边地区严重臭氧污染过程成因分析

杨显玉; 易家俊; 吕雅琼; 刘志红; 王式功; 吕世华; 张小玲; 吴锴; 王浩霖

PDF(8742 KB)

中国环境科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5) : 2000-2009.

大气污染与控制

成都市及周边地区严重臭氧污染过程成因分析

杨显玉¹, 易家俊¹, 吕雅琼², 刘志红³, 王式功¹, 吕世华¹, 张小玲¹, 吴锴¹, 王浩霖⁴

作者信息 +

Characteristics and formation mechanism of a severe O₃ episode in Chengdu and surrounding areas

YANG Xian-yu¹, YI Jia-jun¹, LU Ya-qiong², LIU Zhi-hong³, WANG Shi-gong¹, LU Shi-hua¹, ZHANG Xiao-ling¹, WU Kai¹, WANG Hao-lin⁴

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

结合天气形势，地面观测资料和WRF-CMAQ模式，分析了2017年7月8~15日成都市一次罕见持续O₃污染过程的特征及成因，量化了各个物理化学过程对此次污染过程的相对贡献，并通过敏感性实验分析了四川盆地内O₃及其前体物的区域传输和本地光化学反应对此次污染过程的影响.结果表明，此次O₃持续污染过程主要是因为四川盆地内盛行偏东风，导致盆地东部城市群的O₃及其前体物经区域输送到成都及周边地区，加之成都市出现小风、气温升高等气象条件进而形成，属于典型的传输性爆发污染.持续污染形成的主要物理化学机制体现为日间气相化学过程贡献为稳定的正值，加之输送过程贡献出现爆发式升高，进而导致近地面O₃小时净增量迅速上升且高达50μg/（m³·h），随之O₃浓度迅速响应，产生爆发式增长.此外，敏感性实验结果显示此次成都市O₃持续污染的形成受区域输送影响较受本地光化学反应影响更为明显.O₃污染爆发前上游地区高浓度O₃及其前体物沿流场输送并在成都及周边地区不断积累，导致日间O₃浓度不断升高.

Abstract

Based on the synoptic pattern, ground observation data and WRF-CMAQ model, this study analyzed the characteristics of a sustained O₃ episode in Chengdu and surrounding areas from July 8-15, 2017. And the physical and chemical processes of this episode was quantified. Sensitivity experiments were used to calculate the relative contribution of regional transport and local photochemical reactions on this episode. The results showed that the sustained O₃ episode was mainly caused by the prevailing easterly wind in the Sichuan Basin, which leaded to the O₃ and its precursors in the eastern urban agglomerations being transported to Chengdu and surrounding areas. Unfavorable meteorological conditions, such as high temperature and low wind speed, were favorable for the formation of this O₃ episode. The process analysis indicated that the contribution of the gas phase chemical reaction was a positive source of O₃ in the daytime, and the contribution of the transport process was explosively increased during severe O₃ episode, which leaded to a rapid increase (up to 50μg/(m³·h)) in the net O₃near the ground. In addition, the sensitivity experiments showed that this episode was dominated by regional transport rather than the local photochemical reaction. Before the outbreak of O₃ concentration, high concentrations of O₃ and its precursors were transported along the wind field and accumulated in Chengdu and surrounding areas, resulting in enhanced O₃ formation during daytime.

导出引用

杨显玉, 易家俊, 吕雅琼, 刘志红, 王式功, 吕世华, 张小玲, 吴锴, 王浩霖. 成都市及周边地区严重臭氧污染过程成因分析[J]. 中国环境科学. 2020, 40(5): 2000-2009

YANG Xian-yu, YI Jia-jun, LU Ya-qiong, LIU Zhi-hong, WANG Shi-gong, LU Shi-hua, ZHANG Xiao-ling, WU Kai, WANG Hao-lin. Characteristics and formation mechanism of a severe O₃ episode in Chengdu and surrounding areas[J]. China Environmental Science. 2020, 40(5): 2000-2009

中图分类号： X513

参考文献

[1] Wang T, Wei X L, Ding A J, et al. Increasing surface ozone concentrations in the background atmosphere of Southern China, 1994~2007[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics, 2009,9(16):6217-6227.
[2] Lu X, Hong J Y, Zhang L, et al. Severe Surface Ozone Pollution in China:A Global Perspective[J]. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2018,5(8):487-494.
[3] Cohen A J, Brauer M, Burnett R, et al. Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution:an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015[J]. The Lancet, 2017,389(10082):1907-1918.
[4] Fiore A M, Naik V, Spracklen D V, et al. Global air quality and climate,[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2012,41(19):6663-6683.
[5] 吴锴,康平,于雷,等.2015~2016年中国城市臭氧浓度时空变化规律研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2018,38(6):2179-2190. Wu K, Kang P, Yu L, et al. Pollution status and spatio-temporal variations of ozone in China during 2015~2016[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2018,38(6):2179-2190.
[6] Lu X, Zhang L, Chen Y F, et al. Exploring 2016~2017 surface ozone pollution over China:source contributions and meteorological influences[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics, 2019,19:8339-8361.
[7] Liu X H, Zhang Y, Xing J, et al. Understanding of regional air pollution over China using CMAQ, part II. Process analysis and sensitivity of ozone and particulate matter to precursor emissions[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2010,44(30):3719-3727.
[8] Fan Q, Yu W, Fan S J, et al. Process analysis of a regional air pollution episode over Pearl River Delta Region, China, using the MM5-CMAQ model[J]. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2014,64(4):406-418.
[9] Wang X, Zhang Y, Hu Y, et al. Process analysis and sensitivity study of regional ozone formation over the Pearl River Delta, China, during the PRIDE-PRD2004 campaign using the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2010,10(9):4423-4437.
[10] Li L, Chen C H, Huang C, et al. Process analysis of regional ozone formation over the Yangtze River Delta, China using the Community Multi-scale Air Quality modeling system[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2012,12(22):10971-10987.
[11] 杨帆,王体健,束蕾,等.青岛沿海地区一次臭氧重污染过程的特征及成因分析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2019,39(11):3565-3580. Yang F, Wang T J, Shu L, et al. Characteristics and mechanisms for a heavy O₃ pollution episode in Qingdao coastal area[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2019,39(11):3565-3580.
[12] 贾海鹰,尹婷,瞿霞,等.2015年北京及周边地区臭氧浓度特征及来源模拟[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(4):1231-1238. Jia H Y, Yin T, Qu X, et al. Characteristics and source simulation of ozone in Beijing and its surrounding areas in 2015[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017,37(4):1231-1238.
[13] 刘建,吴兑,范绍佳,等.前体物与气象因子对珠江三角洲臭氧污染的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(3):813-820. Liu J, Wu D, Fan S J, et al. Impacts of precursors and meteorological factors on ozone pollution in Pearl River Delta[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017,37(3):813-820.
[14] 赖安琪,陈晓阳,刘一鸣,等.珠江三角洲PM_2.5和O₃复合污染过程的数值模拟[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(11):4022-4031. Lai A Q, Chen X Y, Liu Y M, et al. Numerical simulation of a complex pollution episode with high concentrations of PM_2.5 and O₃ over the Pearl River Delta region, China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017,37(3):813-820.
[15] 闫静.盆地气候条件下成都市城区臭氧污染特性研究[D]. 西南交通大学, 2013.
[16] 徐锟,刘志红,何沐全,等.成都市夏季近地面臭氧污染气象特征[J]. 中国环境监测, 2018,34(5):36-45. Xu K, Liu Z H, He M Q, et al. Summertime surface ozone pollution and meteorological characteristics in Chengdu city[J]. China environmental observation, 2018,34(5):36-45.
[17] 胡成媛,康平,吴锴,等.基于GAM模型的四川盆地臭氧时空分布特征及影响因素研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2019,39(3):809-820. Hu C Y, Kang P, Wu K, et al. Study of the spatial and temporal distribution of ozone and its influence factors over Sichuan Basin based on generalized additive model[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2019,39(3):809-820.
[18] 曹庭伟,吴锴,康平,等.成渝城市群臭氧污染特征及影响因素分析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2018,38(4):1275-1284. Cao T W, Wu K, Kang P, et al. Study on ozone pollution characteristics and meteorological cause of Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2018,38(4):1275-1284.
[19] 吴锴,康平,王占山,等.成都市臭氧污染特征及气象成因研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2017,37(11):4241-4252. Wu K, Kang P, Wang Z S, et al. Ozone temporal variation and its meteorological factors over Chengdu City[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2017,37(11):4241-4252.
[20] 印红玲,袁桦蔚,叶芝祥,等.成都市大气中挥发性有机物的时空分布特征及臭氧生成潜势研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2015,35(2):386-393. Yin H L, Yuan Y W, Ye Z X, et al. Temporal and spatial distribution of VOCs and their OFP in the atmosphere of Chengdu[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2015,35(2):386-393.
[21] 郝伟华,王文勇,张迎春,等.成都市臭氧生成敏感性分析及控制策略的制定[J]. 环境科学学报, 2018,38(10):3894-3899. Hao W H, Wang W Y, Zhang Y C, et al. Analysis of ozone generation sensitivity in Chengdu and establishment of control strategy[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2018,38(10):3894-3899.
[22] Foroutan H, Young J, Napelenok S, et al. Development and evaluation of a physics-based windblown dust emission scheme implemented in the CMAQ modeling system[J]. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. 2017,9(1):585-608.
[23] 张颖,刘志红,吕晓彤,等.四川盆地一次污染过程的WRF模式参数化方案最优配置[J]. 环境科学学报, 2016,36(8):2819-2826. Zhang Y, Liu Z H, Lv X T, et al. Optimal configuration of parameterized schemes in WRF model during a pollution episode in Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2016,36(8):2819-2826.
[24] Zheng B, Tong D, Li M, et al. Trends in China's anthropogenic emissions since 2010 as the consequence of clean air actions[J] Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2018,18(19):14095-14111.
[25] Guenther A, Jiang X, Heald C L, et al. The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1(MEGAN2.1):an extended and updated framework for modeling biogenic emissions.[J]. Geoscientific Model Development, 2012,5(6):1471-1492.
[26] 梁永贤,尹魁浩,胡泳涛,等.深圳地区臭氧污染来源的敏感性分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2014,34(6):1390-1396. Liang Y X, Yin K H, Hu Y T, et al. Sensitivity analysis of ozone precursor emission in Shenzhen, China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2014,34(6):1390-1396.
[27] 沈劲,黄晓波,汪宇,等.广东省臭氧污染特征及其来源解析研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2017,37(12):4449-4457. Shen J, Huang X B, Wang Y, et al. Study on ozone pollution characteristics and source apportionment in Guangdong Province[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2017,37(12):4449-4457.
[28] 苏榕,陆克定,余家燕,等.基于观测模型的重庆大气臭氧污染成因与来源解析[J]. 中国科学:地球科学, 2018,48(1):102-112. Su R, Lu K D, Yu J Y, et al. Exploration of the formation mechanism and source attribution of ambient ozone in Chongqing with an observation-based model.[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2018, 48(1):102-112.
[29] 白永清,祁海霞,赵天良,等.湖北2015年冬季PM_2.5重污染过程的气象输送条件及日变化特征分析[J]. 气象学报, 2018,76(5):803-815. Bai Y Q, Qi H X, Zhao T L, et al. Analysis of meteorological conditions and diurnal variation characteristics of PM_2.5 heavy pollution episodes in the winter of 2015 in Hubei province.[J]. Acta Meteorological Sinica, 2018,76(5):803-815.