Sensitivity simulations of the organic sources on the Arctic ozone depletion events
LIU Zhao-huan, HAN Yong-xiang
Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
By using the numerical model KINAL, the present research simulated the temporal evolution of ozone and bromine species in a typical Arctic ozone depletion event (ODE) under three source fluxes. The organic source intensity was also put to a sensitivity analysis to examine its impact on the ODE. The results have revealed several facts as following:There was a significant negative correlation between the atmospheric ozone and bromine. When there was only inorganic source input, it took 5.4d to completely consume ozone in the boundary layer. After adding organic source emissions of an average intensity to the model, the ozone depleting process was accelerated for about 1.3d. Concentration of bromine in the boundary layer was enhanced, causing the induction stage of the ODE to shorten for 1.2d. The ODE acceleration did not change obviously, whether HOBr or Br2 made the major species in the organic source emission. The bromine species enhanced the ODE by accelerating the induction stage. A significant positive correlation was found between the organic source intensity and the consumption rate of atmospheric ozone. When the organic source intensity rised, the acceleration effect on the induction stage of the ODE was abated. The induction stage lasted for at least 3days. The temporal evolution of ozone was not greatly impacted by the organic sources.
刘炤寰, 韩永翔. 有机源对北极臭氧消除事件的敏感性模拟[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019, 39(6): 2299-2303.
LIU Zhao-huan, HAN Yong-xiang. Sensitivity simulations of the organic sources on the Arctic ozone depletion events. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2019, 39(6): 2299-2303.
齐冰,牛彧文,杜荣光,等.杭州市近地面大气臭氧浓度变化特征分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(2):443-451.Qi B, Niu Y W, Du R G, et al. Characteristics of Variation in Boundary Layer Ozone in Hangzhou[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017, 37(2):443-451.
[2]
J C Farman, B G Gardiner, J D Shanklin. Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction[J]. Nature, 1985, 315(6016):207-210.
[3]
Müller, Rolf, Grooß, et al. The maintenance of elevated active chlorine levels in the Antarctic lower stratosphere through HCl null cycles[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2018,18(4):1-20.
[4]
Zuev V V, Zueva N E, Savelieva E S, et al. The Antarctic ozone depletion caused by Erebus volcano gas emissions[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2015,122:393-399.
[5]
陆龙骅,郑向东,卞林根.南极臭氧洞期间中山站上空的大气臭氧变化特征[C]//中国气象学会年会冰冻圈与极地气象分会场, 2009:4.Lu L Y, Zheng X D, Bian L G. Temporal Evolution of Atmospheric Ozone at Zhongshan Site during an Antarctic Ozone Hole[C]//Annual meeting of Chinese meteorological society:Ice circle and polar meterology, 2009:4.
[6]
Hoppel K, Bevilacqua R, Canty T, et al. A measurement/model comparison of ozone photochemical loss in the Antarctic ozone hole using Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement observations and the Match technique[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 2005,110(D19).
[7]
Sverre Solberg, Norbert Schmidbauer, Arne Semb, et al. Boundary-layer ozone depletion as seen in the Norwegian Arctic in spring[J]. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 1996,23(3):301-332.
[8]
汪明圣,郭世昌.ENSO循环对东亚地区平流层臭氧分布的影响[J]. 高原气象, 2017,36(3):865-874.Wang M S, Guo S C. Impact of ENSO Circulation to the Stratospheric Ozone Variation over East Asia[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2017,36(3):865-874.
[9]
Thompson C R, Shepson P B, Liao J, et al. Bromine atom production and chain propagation during springtime Arctic ozone depletion events in Barrow, Alaska[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics, 2017,17(5):1-42.
[10]
Frieß U, Hollwedel J, König-Langlo G, et al. Dynamics and chemistry of tropospheric bromine explosion events in the Antarctic coastal region[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 2004,109:6305.
[11]
Stutz J, Platt U. Improving long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy with a quartz-fiber mode mixer[J]. Applied Optics, 1997,36(6):1105-15.
[12]
Sander R, Vogt R, Harris G W, et al. Modelling the chemistry of ozone, halogen compounds, and hydrocarbons in the arctic troposphere during spring[M]. Tellus Ser. B, 1997,49(5):522-532.
[13]
Turányi T. KINAL-a program package for kinetic analysis of reaction mechanisms[J]. Computers & Chemistry, 1990,14(3):253-254.
[14]
Helmig Detlev, Boylan Patrick, Johnson Bryan, et al. Ozone dynamics and snow-atmosphere exchanges during ozone depletion events at Barrow, Alaska[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 2012,117(D20):85-99.
[15]
Carslaw K S, Boucher O, Spracklen D V, et al. A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics, 2010,10(4):1701-1737.
[16]
Peterson, P K, Pratt K A, Simpson W R, et al. The role of open lead interactions in atmospheric ozone variability between Arctic coastal and inland sites[J]. Elemental Science of the Anthropocene, 2016, 4(10):109-112.
[17]
Logvinova C L, Frey K E, Mann P J, et al. Assessing the potential impacts of declining Arctic sea ice cover on the photochemical degradation of dissolved organic matter in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, 2016, 120(11):2326-2344.
[18]
Thompson C R, Shepson P B, Liao J, et al. Bromine atom production and chain propagation during springtime Arctic ozone depletion events in Barrow, Alaska[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics, 2017,17(5):1-42.
[19]
Cao L, Sihler H, Platt U, et al. Numerical analysis of the chemical kinetic mechanisms of ozone depletion and halogen release in the polar troposphere[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics, 2014,14(7):3771-3787.
[20]
Cota G F, Sturges W T. Biogenic bromine production in the Arctic[J]. Marine Chemistry, 1997,56(3):181-192.
[21]
Epstein H E, Calef M P, Walker M D, et al. Detecting changes in arctic tundra plant communities in response to warming over decadal time scales[J]. Global Change Biology, 2004,10(8):1325-1334.
[22]
Chapin Ⅲ F S, Shaver G R, Giblin A E, et al. Responses of arctic tundra to experimental and observed changes in climate[J]. Ecology 1995,76(3):694-711.
[23]
Manley S L. Laboratory production of bromoform, methylene bromide, and methyl iodide by macroalgae and distribution in nearshore southern California Waters[J]. Limnology & Oceanography, 1992, 37(8):1652-1659.
[24]
Hill V L, Manley S L. Release of reactive bromine and iodine from diatoms and its possible role in halogen transfer in polar and tropical oceans[J]. Limnology & Oceanography, 2009,54(3):812-822.
[25]
Lefèvre F, Figarol F, Carslaw K S, et al. The 1997 Arctic Ozone depletion quantified from three-dimensional model simulations[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 1998,25(13):2425-2428.
[26]
Carpenter L J, Liss P S. On temperate sources of bromoform and other reactive organic bromine gases[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres. 2000,105(D16):20539-20547.
[27]
Bottenheim J, Gallant A G, Brice K A. Measurements of NOy species and O3 at 82°N latitude[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 1986,13(2):113-116.
