天津机场区域大气NO2及O3影响因子研究

韩博; 姚婷玮; 王立婕; 孔魏凯; 何真; 张铎; 王愚

PDF(2053 KB)

中国环境科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6) : 2398-2408.

大气污染与控制

天津机场区域大气NO₂及O₃影响因子研究

韩博¹, 姚婷玮¹, 王立婕¹, 孔魏凯¹, 何真¹, 张铎², 王愚¹

作者信息 +

Study on influencing factors of atmospheric NO₂ and O₃ in Tianjin Binhai International Airport

HAN Bo¹, YAO Ting-wei¹, WANG Li-jie¹, KONG Wei-kai¹, HE Zhen¹, ZHANG Duo², WANG Yu¹

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

在紧邻天津机场跑道的点位对机场区域大气常规污染物开展连续监测，应用广义加性模型（GAM），针对2017年3月1日~2018年2月28日间的NO₂及O₃，识别其影响因子，并确定因子贡献率.选取因子包括环境因子（SO₂、NO、NO₂、O₃、CO、PM_2.5、PM₁₀、前一小时NO₂/O₃浓度），气象因子（风向、风速、温度、露点温度、修正海压）及航空活动因子（起飞、着陆）.结果显示：机场区域NO₂日均值为17.6~123.6μg/m³，超标天数共计38d，占比约13%；O₃日均值为1.0~276.1μg/m³，超标天数占比26%，污染主要集中在夏季；环境因子是主要影响因子，累积贡献率在56%~89%；航空活动作为区域重要污染源，对大气NO₂、O₃存在一定影响，最高贡献率可达20%；气象因子相对贡献较低.全部GAM的Adj-R²为0.85~0.96，筛选的影响因子能够有效解释区域环境空气污染物浓度的变化.

Abstract

Continuous monitoring of atmospheric conventional pollutants in the airport area was carried out at the point adjacent to the runway of Tianjin airport. The Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was applied to identify the impact factors of NO₂ and O₃ between March 2017 and February 2018, and the contribution rate was determined. The selected factors included environmental factors (SO₂, NO, NO₂ and O₃, CO, PM_2.5, PM₁₀ and previous concentration), meteorological factors (wind direction, wind speed, temperature, dew point temperature, correction of sea pressure) and aviation activity factors (takeoff and landing). The results showed that the daily mean of NO₂ was 17.6~123.6 μg/m³. Among them, the number of days exceeding the standard was 38, accounting for about 13%. The daily mean of O₃ was 1.0~276.1 μg/m³, accounting for 26% of the days exceeding the standard. The pollution of O₃ in the airport area was mainly concentrated in summer. Environmental factors, whose contribution ratewas between 56% and 89%, were the main factors affecting the atmospheric environment in the area. As an important regional pollution source, the contribution rate of aviation activities to the change of atmospheric NO₂ and O₃ concentration was more prominent, Which accounts for 20%. The relative contribution of meteorological factors was relatively low. All Adj-R² of GAM were from 0.85 to 0.96, and the screened influence factors could effectively explain the variation of conventional gaseous pollutants.

导出引用

韩博, 姚婷玮, 王立婕, 孔魏凯, 何真, 张铎, 王愚. 天津机场区域大气NO₂及O₃影响因子研究[J]. 中国环境科学. 2020, 40(6): 2398-2408

HAN Bo, YAO Ting-wei, WANG Li-jie, KONG Wei-kai, HE Zhen, ZHANG Duo, WANG Yu. Study on influencing factors of atmospheric NO₂ and O₃ in Tianjin Binhai International Airport[J]. China Environmental Science. 2020, 40(6): 2398-2408

中图分类号： X51

参考文献

[1] 韩博,黄佳敏,魏志强.民航飞机起飞过程气态污染物排放特征分析[J].环境科学, 2016,37(12):4524-4530. Han B, Huang J M, Wei Z Q.Gaseous emission characterization of civil aviation aircraft during takeoff [J].Environmental Science, 2016,37(12):4524-4530.
[2] 韩博,刘雅婷,陈鑫,等.民航飞机起飞过程细粒子排放特征[J].中国环境科学, 2017,37(5):1620-1627. Han B, Liu Y T, Chen X, et al.Fine particles emission characterization of civil aviation aircraft during takeoff [J].China Environmental Science, 2017,37(5):1620-1627.
[3] 郝吉明,马广大,王书肖.大气污染控制工程[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2002:24-31. Hao J M, Ma G D, Wang S X.Air pollution control engineering [M].Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2002:24-31.
[4] 林盛群,林莽,万军明,等.香港大气能见度与污染物长期变化的特征和相互关系[J].中国环境科学, 2009,29(4):351-356. Lin Q S, Lin M, Wan J M, et al.Characterization and relationship of long-term visibility and air pollutant changes in the Hongkong region [J].China Environmental Science, 2009,29(4):351-356.
[5] Stettler M E J, Boies A M, Petzold A, et al.Global civil aviation black carbon emissions [J].Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 47(18):10397-10404.
[6] Jaffe D, Ray J.Increase in surface ozone at rural sites in the western US [J].Atmospheric Environment, 2007,41(26):5452－5463.
[7] 胡晖,胡瑞玲,李志强.冷却的废气再循环(EGR)技术——降低NO_x排放的主要措施[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2003,30(3): 65-67. Hu J, Hu R L, Li Z Q.Cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technology --main measures to reduce NO_x emission [J].Journal of Hunan University (Natural Science), 2003,30(3):65-67.
[8] 孙宝磊,孙暠,张朝能,等.基于BP神经网络的大气污染物浓度预测[J].环境科学学报, 2017,37(5):1864-1871. Sun B L, Sun S, Zhang C M, et al.Forecast of air pollutant concentrations by BP neural network [J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2017,37(5):1864-1871.
[9] 侯灵,安俊琳,朱彬.南京大气能见度变化规律及影响因子分析[J].大气科学学报, 2014,37(1):91-98. Hou L, An J L, Zhu B.Characterization of visibility variation trend and its influence factors in Nanjing [J].Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences, 2014,37(1):91-98.
[10] 景悦,孙艳玲,徐昊,等.基于混合效应模型的京津冀地区PM_2.5日浓度估算[J].中国环境科学, 2018,38(8):2890-2897. Jing Y, Sun Y L, Xu H, et al.Daily estimation of PM_2.5 concentrations based on mixed effects model in Beijing-Tianjin-Heibei region [J].China Environmental Science, 2018,38(8):2890-2897.
[11] 盛真真,叶春明,姜绵峰.上海市雾霾天气影响因子研究[J].环境科学与技术, 2016,39(10):198-204. Sheng Z Z, Ye C M, Jiang J F.Influence factors of haze weather in Shanghai city [J].Environmental Science & Technology, 2016,39(10): 198-204.
[12] BarmpadimosI, Hueglin C, Keller J, et al.Influence of meteorology on PM₁₀ trends and variability in Switzerland from 1991 to 2008[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2011,11(4):1813–1835.
[13] Yáñez M A, Baettig R, Cornejo J, et al.Urban airborne matter in central and southern Chile: Effects of meteorological conditions on fine and coarse particulate matter [J].Atmospheric Environment, 2017, 161:221–234.
[14] Aldrin M, Haff I.Generalised additive modelling of air pollution, traffic volume and meteorology [J].Atmospheric Environment, 2005, 39(11):2145–2155.
[15] Pearce J L, Beringer J, Nicholls N, et al.Quantifying the influence of local meteorology on air quality using generalized additive models [J].Atmospheric Environment, 2011,45(6):1328–1336.
[16] Davis J.A model for predicting maximum and 8h average ozone in Houston [J].Atmospheric Environment, 1999,33(16):2487–2500.
[17] GB3095-2012环境空气质量标准[S]. GB3095-2012 Ambient air quality standard [S].
[18] 徐敬,张小玲,赵秀娟,等.夏季局地环流对北京下风向地区O₃输送的影响[J].中国环境科学, 2009,29(11):1140-1146. Xu J, Zhang X L, Zhao X J, et al.Influence of summer local circulation on the transportation of ozone from urban to the downwind area in Beijing [J].China Environmental Science, 2009,29(11):1140-1146.
[19] 王燕丽,窦筱艳,赵旭东,等.青海门源地区O₃浓度水平及影响因子分析[J].地球与环境, 2016,44(4):431-436. Wang Y L, Dou X Y, Zhao X D, et al.Analysis of O₃ concentration and influencing factors in Menyuan area of Qinghai Province [J].Earth and Environment, 2016,44(4):431-436.
[20] 韩博,刘雅婷,谭宏志,等.一次航班飞行全过程大气污染物排放特征[J].环境科学学报, 2017,37(12):4492-4502. Han B, Liu Y T, Tan Z H, et al.Emission characterization of civil aviation aircraft during a whole flight [J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2017,37(12):4492-4502.
[21] 南国卫,孙虎.基于灰色关联模型对陕西省O₃浓度影响因素分析[J].环境科学学报, 2017,37(12):4519-4527. Nan G W, Sun H.Analysis of the driving factors of O₃ in Shaanxi Province based on grey correlation model [J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2017,37(12):4519-4527.
[22] 唐孝炎,张远航,邵敏.大气环境化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2006:407-409. Tang X Y, Zhang Y H, Shao M.Atmospheric Environmental Chemistry [M].Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2006:407-409.
[23] 姚青,孙玫玲,蔡子颖,等.2009年天津城区地面O₃和NO_x的季节变化与相关性分析[J].环境化学, 2011,30(9):1650-1656. Yao Q, Sun M L, Cai Z Y, et al.Seasonal variation and analysis of the relationship between O₃ and NO_x concentrations in Tianjin in 2009[J].Environmental Chemistry, 2011,30(9):1650-1656.
[24] 王燕丽,窦筱艳,赵旭东,等.青海门源地区O₃浓度水平及影响因子分析[J].地球与环境, 2016,44(4):431-436. Wang Y L, Dou X Y, Zhao X D, et al.Analysis of O₃ concentration and influencing factors in Menyuan area of Qinghai Province [J].Earth and Environment, 2016,44(4):431-436.
[25] Wood S N.Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction with R [M].USA: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2006:30-45.