可凝结颗粒物排放对北京市PM2.5污染的影响估计

李虹霖; 宋国君; 姜艺婧; 姜晓群; 李辰; 时钰

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中国环境科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (12) : 6301-6312.

大气污染与控制

可凝结颗粒物排放对北京市PM_2.5污染的影响估计

李虹霖, 宋国君, 姜艺婧, 姜晓群, 李辰, 时钰

作者信息 +

Assessing the impact of condensable particulate matter emissions on PM_2.5 pollution in Beijing

LI Hong-lin, SONG Guo-jun, JIANG Yi-jing, JIANG Xiao-qun, LI Chen, SHI Yu

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

可凝结颗粒物(CPM)是PM_2.5的前体物之一.行业研究发现我国燃煤燃气锅炉、冷却塔等存在大量CPM排放,理论上存在致霾可能,但环境污染研究很少将CPM纳入PM_2.5排放成因分析中.基于北京市空气质量监测数据的统计分析发现,PM_2.5超标时PM_2.5/PM₁₀显著上升,二次污染特征明显,且有逐年加剧趋势.而当前被视为主要前体物的SO₂和NO₂排放量和环境浓度逐年下降,且环境浓度与PM_2.5/PM₁₀和PM_2.5积累速率无显著相关关系.估算北京市燃气采暖源的CPM排放量对环境空气中PM_2.5含量的贡献至少与NO_x相当,且PM_2.5污染高发的静稳高湿气象极易导致CPM集聚转化,推测当前监测管理中忽视的CPM是影响北京市PM_2.5继续削减的原因,建议制定法规对CPM排放予以控制,筛选并推广先进技术,实现水蒸气余热回收和雾霾治理双重效益.

Abstract

Condensable particulate matter (CPM) is recognized as a precursor to PM_2.5. Extensive industrial research in China reveals substantial CPM emissions from coal and gas-fired boilers, cooling towers, and other sources, all potentially contributing to haze formation. Despite its notable impact, CPM is seldom considered in cause analyses of PM_2.5 emissions. An analysis of Beijing's air quality monitoring data reveals a significant increase in the PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ratio during periods when PM_2.5 levels exceed standard limits, indicating a clear and growing trend of secondary pollution. In contrast, the emissions and ambient concentrations of traditional primary precursors, such as SO₂ and NO₂, are decreasing, displaying no significant correlation with PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ratios or PM_2.5 accumulation rates. Our estimates suggest that the contribution to PM_2.5 in ambient air in Beijing from CPM emissions from gas heating sources is at least equivalent to that from NO_x. Additionally, static and high-humidity conditions, conducive to PM_2.5 pollution, likely intensify CPM agglomeration and conversion. This study suggests a substantial, previously underestimated, impact of CPM on Beijing's PM_2.5 secondary pollution and underscores the need for regulatory oversight on CPM emissions. We recommend the implementation and promotion of advanced technologies for the concurrent benefits of water vapor and waste heat recycling, alongside efficient haze reduction.

导出引用

李虹霖, 宋国君, 姜艺婧, 姜晓群, 李辰, 时钰. 可凝结颗粒物排放对北京市PM_2.5污染的影响估计[J]. 中国环境科学. 2023, 43(12): 6301-6312

LI Hong-lin, SONG Guo-jun, JIANG Yi-jing, JIANG Xiao-qun, LI Chen, SHI Yu. Assessing the impact of condensable particulate matter emissions on PM_2.5 pollution in Beijing[J]. China Environmental Science. 2023, 43(12): 6301-6312

中图分类号： X513

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