新疆大气颗粒物污染时空演变及沙尘组分研究

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摘要利用2020~2022年新疆环境监测和同期气象要素数据,结合HYSPLIT模式与PM_2.5/PM₁₀比值模型,探讨新疆颗粒物浓度的时空变化特征,并研究沙尘暴的主要输送路径、潜在源区及其对大气颗粒物浓度的贡献率.结果表明,新疆月均PM_2.5和PM₁₀浓度变化呈波浪型分布,峰值出现在12~次年3月,最低值出现在6~8月;空间分布呈南高北低的特征,南疆年均PM_2.5和PM₁₀浓度分别为42~111,151~367μg/m³,北疆和东疆PM_2.5和PM₁₀浓度年均值相对较低,分别为10~62,21~110μg/m³和28~50,100~145μg/m³;新疆69%的城市年均PM_2.5和PM₁₀浓度高于国家环境空气质量标准的二级浓度限值;大气PM_2.5和PM₁₀浓度呈显著正相关(R²=0.84),春夏秋三季以PM₁₀污染为主,冬季以PM_2.5污染为主;PM₁₀是影响新疆空气质量的主要污染物,南疆AQI中PM₁₀贡献率为65%~96%,其次是东疆和北疆,分别为58%~65%和3%~41%;大气PM₁₀严重污染主要发生在春季,由PM₁₀造成南疆空气质量污染比重均在50%以上;塔克拉玛干沙漠是新疆沙尘暴灾害的主要沙源地;沙尘的高低空输送路径明显不同,高空传输主要源于沙漠腹地,而低空输沙源以沙漠东部为主;风蚀沙尘对大气PM₁₀和PM_2.5浓度的贡献率分别为85%和66%.

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	薛一波
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关键词 ：新疆, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, 时空变化, 沙尘组分, 空气质量, 数值模型

Abstract：Based on the environmental monitoring and meteorological observation data of Xinjiang, northwest China from 2020 to 2022, combined with the HYSPLIT and PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ratio model, we studied the characteristics of spatio-temporal variation of atmospheric particulates, and analyzed the major transport pathways, potential source areas of dust storms as well as the dust contribution. Statistical analysis showed that the monthly average PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations presented a wavy distribution with the peak value appearing from December to March and the lowest value occurring from June to August. The spatial distribution of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ appeared a south-north gradient from high to low. The annual average PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations in the southern Xinjiang varied from 42 to 111μg/m³ and 151 to 367μg/m³, which were relatively lower in the northern and eastern Xinjiang, ranging from 10 to 62μg/m³, 21 to 110μg/m³ and 28 to 50μg/m³, 100 to 145μg/m³, respectively. The annual average PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations in 69% of the cities in Xinjiang exceeded the second-level concentration limit of the national ambient air quality standards. There was a significant positive correlation between urban atmospheric PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations (R²=0.84). PM₁₀ pollution dominated in spring, summer and autumn, and PM_2.5 pollution prevails in winter. PM₁₀ was the main air pollutant that significantly influenced regional air quality in Xinjiang. The contribution rate of PM₁₀ in AQI was 65%~96% in the southern Xinjiang, followed by the eastern Xinjiang and northern Xinjiang with 58%~65% and 3%~41%, respectively. Serious atmospheric PM₁₀ pollution mainly happened in spring, and the proportion of air pollution caused by PM₁₀ was above 50% in the southern Xinjiang. The major source of dust storms disaster in Xinjiang was the Taklimakan Desert. There were significant differences in dust transport pathways, in which the high-altitude transport was mainly from the desert hinterland, while the low-altitude transport source was mostly in the eastern of the desert. The contribution rate of wind erosion dust to atmospheric PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentration was 85% and 66%, respectively.

Key words： Xinjiang PM_2.5 PM₁₀ spatio-temporal variation dust components air quality numerical model

收稿日期: 2023-11-18

PACS:

X513

基金资助:中国科学院西部青年学者项目(2020-XBQNXZ-015);“天山英才”培养计划项目(2022TSYCCX0012);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42177088)

通讯作者: 张小啸,副研究员,zhangxx@ms.xjb.ac.cn E-mail: zhangxx@ms.xjb.ac.cn

作者简介: 薛一波(2000-),男,河北沧州人,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所硕士研究生,主要从事干旱区大气环境研究.发表论文3篇.xueyibo22@mails.ucas.ac.cn.

引用本文:

薛一波, 张小啸, 雷加强, 李生宇. 新疆大气颗粒物污染时空演变及沙尘组分研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(6): 3012-3020. XUE Yi-bo, ZHANG Xiao-xiao, LEI Jia-qiang, LI Sheng-yu. Study on the spatio-temporal variation of atmospheric particulate pollution and its dust components in Xinjiang, northwest China. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(6): 3012-3020.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I6/3012

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