北京地区大气重金属沉降污染特征与风险评价

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (1125 KB) HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要为了解疫情期间北京大气重金属沉降通量的时空特征以及健康风险水平,于2020~2021年共收集大气降尘样品52组,采用实验室仪器测定样品中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd等6种重金属元素的含量,并计算其沉降通量.结果表明,北京降尘中重金属Cd的平均含量不足10mg/kg ,Cr、Ni、Cu、As的平均含量10~100mg/kg,而Zn的平均含量超过了100mg/kg;Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd的含量均超过北京土壤背景值,其超标率分别为93.9%、51.0%、98.0%、100.0%、89.8%和100.0%;北京各重金属元素沉降通量值与全国农业农村加权均值结果相近,显著高于国外发达地区,城区各元素沉降通量低于郊区;地累积指数研究结果表明,各元素的污染水平排序为Cd>Zn>Cu>Cr>As>Ni,其中Cd、Zn元素都在中度和偏中度污染以上,其余元素在轻度污染水平;4个季度13个监测点中Cd元素存在中度危害和很强生态危害,23.1%~76.9%的样品处于中度生态危害;健康风险评价结果表明,降尘中Cr和As对成年人和儿童存在非致癌风险.

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	殷雨竹
	樊彦国
	潘瑜春
	孙在金
	马浩森
	郜允兵

关键词 ：大气沉降, 重金属, 污染特征, 风险评价, 沉降通量

Abstract：In order to understand the spatial characteristics and the health risk level of heavy metal deposition flux in Beijing during the epidemic, 52 sets of atmospheric dust samples were collected in Beijing from 2020 to 2021. Laboratory instrument was used to measure the content of six heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd) in the samples, then we calculated the precipitation flux. The results showed that the average content of Cd was less than 10mg/kg, the average content of Cr, Ni, Cu, As was 10~100mg /kg, and the average content of Zn was more than 100mg/kg. The contents of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As and Cd exceeded the Beijing soil background value, and the excess rates were 93.9%, 51.0%, 98.0%, 100.0%, 89.8% and 100.0%, respectively. The precipitation flux of heavy metals in Beijing were similar to the weighted average of agriculture and rural areas in China, and significantly higher than foreign areas. The precipitation flux of heavy metals in Beijing urban area were generally lower than suburban areas. The results of ground accumulation index showed that the pollution levels of each element were in the order of Cd > Zn > Cu>Cr>As>Ni, among which Cd and Zn were moderately and moderately polluted, and the other elements were mildly polluted. In 13monitoring sites, the moderate potential ecological hazards ranged from 23.1% to 76.9% in four quarters, among which Cd had moderate hazard and strong ecological hazard. The results of health risk assessment showed that there were non-carcinogenic risks of Cr and As in adult and children.

Key words： atmospheric deposition heavy metals pollution characteristics risk assessment the subsidence flux

收稿日期: 2022-11-09

PACS:

X513

基金资助:国家重点研发计划课题(2023YFD1700105);国家自然科学基金项目(42077001);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KLCX20200414);国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0801205)

通讯作者: 郜允兵,副研究员,gaoyb@nercita.org.cn E-mail: gaoyb@nercita.org.cn

作者简介: 殷雨竹(1999-),女,河北秦皇岛人,硕士研究生,主要从事大气重金属沉降特征分析和制图研究.2568655902@qq.com

引用本文:

殷雨竹, 樊彦国, 潘瑜春, 孙在金, 马浩森, 郜允兵. 北京地区大气重金属沉降污染特征与风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(6): 2763-2776. YIN Yu-zhu, FAN Yan-guo, PAN Yu-chun, SUN Zai-jin, MA Hao-sen, GAO Yun-bing. Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of atmospheric heavy metal deposition in Beijing. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(6): 2763-2776.

链接本文:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2023/V43/I6/2763

[1] 邓雅元,赵廷宁,张艳,等.基于SEM-EDS的大气降尘特征及来源解析——以荒漠草原区井工开采煤炭基地为例[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021,41(12):5512-5521. Deng Y Y, Zhao T N, Zhang Y, et al. Characteristics and source analysis of atmospheric dust fall based on SEM-EDS:A case study of coal mining base in desert grassland area[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Sciences, 201,41(12):5512-5521.
[2] 李宏艳,赵志新,何秋生,等.山西介休焦化区PM_2.5重金属污染特征、关键毒性组分与来源[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023,43(4):1528-1538. Li H Y, Zhao Z X, He Q S, et al. Characteristics, key toxic components and sources of PM_2.5 heavy metal pollution in Jiexue Coking Area, Shanxi Province[J]. China Environmental Science, 2023,43(4):1528-1538.
[3] 楚芳婕,孙爽,李令军,等.2018~2020年北京市交通监测站点大气污染特征分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021,41(12):5548-5560. Chu F J, Sun S, Li L J, et al. Air pollution characteristics of traffic monitoring stations in Beijing from 2018 to 2020[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Sciences, 201,41(12):5548-5560.
[4] Lei Y, Zhang Q, He K B, et al. Primary anthropogenic aerosol emission trends for China, 1990~2005[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2011,11(3):931-954.
[5] Huang M J, Wang X M, Wang B M, et al. Projections of long-term human multimedia exposure to metal(loid)s and the health risks derived from atmospheric deposition:A case study in the Pearl River Delta region, South China[J]. Environment International, 2019,132.
[6] Ye L M, Huang M J, Zhong B Q, et al. Wet and dry deposition fluxes of heavy metals in Pearl River Delta Region (China):Characteristics, ecological risk assessment, and source apportionment[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2018,70:106-123.
[7] 王增辉.鲁西南平原区大气干湿沉降元素输入通量及来源浅析:以巨野县为例[J]. 物探与化探, 2020,44(4):839-846. Wang Z H. An analysis of the input flux and source of elements in dry and wet atmospheric deposition of southwest plain of Shandong:A case study of Juye County[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2020,44(4):839-846.
[8] Pan Y P, Liu J, Zhang L, et al. Bulk deposition and source apportionment of atmospheric heavy metals and metalloids in agricultural areas of rural Beijing during 2016~2020[J]. Atmosphere, 2021, 12.
[9] 王梦梦,原梦云,苏德纯.我国大气重金属干湿沉降特征及时空变化规律[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(11):4085-4096. Wang M M, Yuan M Y, Su D C. Characteristics and spatial-temporal variation of heavy metals in atmospheric dry and wet deposition of China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017, 37(11):4085-4096.
[10] 栾慧君,塞古,徐蕾,等.徐州北郊大气降尘重金属污染特征与风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(11):4679-4687. Luan H J, Sai G, Xu L, et al. Characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals from atmospheric deposition in northern suburban of Xuzhou[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020, 40(11):4679-4687.
[11] 焦荔,沈建东,姚琳,等.杭州市大气降尘重金属污染特征及来源研究[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2013,35(1):73-76,80. Jiao L, Shen J D, Yao L, et al. Pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in atmospheric dustfall of Hangzhou[J]. Environmental Pollution & Control, 2013, 35(1):73-76, 80.
[12] 张夏,刘斌,肖柏林,等.重庆主城大气降尘中重金属污染特征及评价[J]. 环境科学, 2020,41(12):5288-5294. Zhang X, Liu B, Xiao B L, et al. Pollution characteristics and assessment of heavy metals in atmospheric deposition in core urban areas, Chongqing[J]. Environmental Science, 2020, 41(12):5288-5294.
[13] Shao D W, Zhan Y, Zhou W J, et al. Current status and temporal trend of heavy metals in farmland soil of the Yangtze River Delta Region:Field survey and meta-analysis[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2016, 219:329-336.
[14] Nicholson F A, Smith S R, Alloway B J, et al. An inventory of heavy metals inputs to agricultural soils in England and Wales[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2003, 311(1-3):205-219.
[15] Ni R X, Ma Y B. Current inventory and changes of the input/output balance of trace elements in farmland across China[J]. Plos One, 2018, 13.
[16] Peng H, Chen Y L, Weng L P, et al. Comparisons of heavy metal input inventory in agricultural soils in North and South China:A review[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 660:776-786.
[17] Xia X Q, Yang Z F, Cui Y J, et al. Soil heavy metal concentrations and their typical input and output fluxes on the southern Song-nen Plain, Heilongjiang Province, China[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2014,139:85-96.
[18] Huang Y, Wang L Y, Wang W J, et al. Current status of agricultural soil pollution by heavy metals in China:A meta-analysis[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 651:3034-3042.
[19] 周枭潇,毕春娟,汪萌,等.大气沉降对叶菜重金属的污染效应及其健康风险[J]. 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2018,2018(2):141-150. Zhou X X, Bi C J, Wang M, et al. Pollution effects of atmospheric deposition on heavy metals in leafy vegetables and its health risks[J]. Journal of East China Normal University (Natural Science), 2018, 2018(2):141-150.
[20] 熊秋林,赵文吉,李大军,等.北京冬季降尘重金属富集程度及综合污染评价[J]. 环境科学, 2018,39(9):4051-4059. Xiong Q L, Zhao W J, LI D J, et al. Environmental Science, 2018, 39(9):4051-4059.
[21] 尤媛,张碧辉,李思腾,等.2016~2020年北京城区和郊区PM2.5爆发性增长特征对比研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023,43(4):1489-1498. You Y, Zhang B H, Li S T, et al. A comparative study on the characteristics of PM2.5 explosive growth in urban and suburban Beijing from 2016 to 2020[J]. China Environmental Science, 2023,43 (4):1489-1498.
[22] 黄润秋. 国务院关于2021年度环境状况和环境保护目标完成情况的报告[R]. 北京:人民大会堂, 2022. Huang R Q. Report of the State Council on the environmental situation and achievement of environmental protection goals in 2021[R]. Beijing:Great Hall of the People, 2022.
[23] GB/T 15265-1994 环境空气降尘的测定重量法[S]. GB/T 15265-1994 Determination of dust fall in ambient air gravimetric method[S].
[24] Roudposhti G M, Kar bassi A, Baghvand A. A pollution index for agricultural soils[J]. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 2016, 62(10):1411-1424.
[25] Li F, Cai Y, Zhang J D. Spatial characteristics, health risk assessment and sustainable management of heavy metals and metalloids in soils from central China[J]. Sustainability, 2018, 10(1).
[26] Huang J H, Li F, Zeng G M, et al. Integrating hierarchical bioavailability and population distribution into potential eco-risk assessment of heavy metals in road dust:a case study in Xian dao District, Changsha city, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2016, 541:969-976.
[27] 方文稳,张丽,叶生霞,等.安庆市降尘重金属的污染评价与健康风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015,35(12):3795-3803. Fang W W, Zhang L, Ye S X, et al. Pollution evaluation and health risk evaluation of heavy metals in dust reduction in Anqing City[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015, 35(12):3795-3803.
[28] Ha kanson L. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach[J]. Water Research, 1980,14(8):975-1001.
[29] Zhang Z Y, Li J Y, Mamat Z, et al. Sources identification and pollution evaluation of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Bortala River, Northwest China[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2016, 126:94-101.
[30] Jamshidi-Zanjani, Ahmad, Saeedi. Development of a new aggregative index to assess potential effect of metals pollution in aquatic sediments[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2015, 58:235-243.
[31] 王芳婷,包科,陈植华,等.珠江三角洲海陆交互相沉积物中镉生物有效性与生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2021,42(2):653-662. Wang F T, Bao K, Chen Z H, et al. Cadmium bioavailability and ecological risk assessment in land-sea interaction sediments in the Pearl River Delta[J]. Environmental Science, 2021, 42(2):653-662.
[32] GB 15618-2018 土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准[S]. GB 15618-2018 Soil environmental quality:Soil pollution risk management and control standards for agricultural land[S].
[33] 张棕巍,胡恭任,于瑞莲,等.泉州市大气降尘中金属元素污染特征及来源解析[J]. 环境科学, 2016,37(8):2881-2888. Zhang Z W, Hu G R, Yu R L, et al. Characteristics and source analysis of metal element pollution in atmospheric dust precipitation in Quanzhou City[J]. Environmental Science, 2016, 37(8):2881-2888.
[34] 邢小茹,薛生国,张乃英,等.鞍山市大气尘和金属元素沉降通量及污染特征[J]. 中国环境监测, 2010,26(2):11-15. Xing X R, Xue S G, Zhang N Y, et al. Sedimentation flux and pollution characteristics of atmospheric dust and metal elements in Anshan City[J]. China Environmental Monitoring, 2010, 26(2):11-15.
[35] Xing X R, Xue S G, Zhang N Y, et al. Contamination characteristics and deposition flux of metal elements in atmospheric deposition to Anshan[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2010, 26(2):11-15.
[36] 李立伟,邓小文,肖致美,等.天津市采暖季不同气团来向PM_2.5中重金属污染特征及健康风险评价[J/OL]. 环境科学:1-15[2022-06-08]. Li L W, Deng X W, Xiao Z M, et al. Characteristics of heavy metal pollution and health risk evaluation of different air masses in PM_2.5 in Tianjin heating season[J/OL]. Environmental Science:1-15[2022-06-08].
[37] 陈子万,许晶,侯召雷,等.基于成土母质分区的土壤作物系统重金属累积特征与健康风险评价[J/OL]. 环境科学:1-12[2022-06-08]. Chen Z W, Xu J, Hou Z L, et al. Accumulation characteristics of heavy metals and health risk assessment of soil-crop system based on soil forming parent partition[J/OL]. Environmental Science:1-12[2022-06-08].
[38] 徐梦琪,杨文弢,杨利玉,等.黔西北山区耕地重金属健康风险评价及环境基准[J/OL]. 环境科学:1-15[2022-06-08]. Xu M Q, Yang W T, et al. cultivated land in the north minery health risk assessment of heavy metals and environmental benchmark[J/OL]. Environmental science:1-15[2022-06-08].
[39] 陈瑜佳,屈星辰,张斌, 等.香河县农田土壤重金属污染生态与健康风险评价[J/OL]. 环境科学:1-22[2022-06-08]. Chen Y J, Qu X C, Zhang B, et al. Ecological and health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in farmland in Xianghe County[J/OL]. Environmental Science:1-22[2022-06-08].
[40] USEPA. Integrated risk information system[R]. Washington D.C:USEPA, 2004.
[41] DB11/T 656-2009 场地环境评价导则[S]. DB11/T 656-2009 Guidelines for site environmental assessment[S].
[42] Ministry of Environmental Protection. Manual of exposure parameters of Chinese group[M]. Beijing:China Environment Press, 2013:12-260.
[43] 于向楠.北京市道路尘中重金属元素地球化学特征的时空变化规律[D]. 北京:中国地质大学(北京), 2021. Yu X N. Spatiotemporal variation of geochemical characteristics of heavy metal elements in road dust in Beijing[D]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2021.
[44] 本刊讯.十部委规划清洁取暖5年替代散煤1.5亿吨[J]. 墙材革新与建筑节能, 2018,(1):1. Ten ministries plan to replace 150million tons of loose coal for clean heating in 5years[J]. Wall material innovation and building Energy Conservation, 2018,(1):1.
[45] Pan Y. Atmospheric wet and dry deposition of trace elements at 10sites in Northern China[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2015, 14(2):951-972.
[46] 栾慧君,塞古,徐蕾,等.徐州北郊大气降尘重金属污染特征与风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(11):4679-4687. Luan H J, Sai G, Xu L, et al. Characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in atmospheric dust precipitation in northern suburbs of Xuzhou[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(11):4679-4687.
[47] 陈其永,郜允兵,倪润祥,等.2000~2018年我国大气重金属沉降通量时空变化特征[J]. 环境科学, 2022,43(9):4413-4424. Chen Q Y, Gao Y B, et al. Spatial-temporal variation characteristics of atmospheric heavy metal deposition flux in China in 2000~2018[J]. Environmental Science, 2022,43(9):4413-4424.
[48] 赵瑾璐,仝晓婷.北京郊区城市化现状分析[J]. 中国特色社会主义研究, 2011,(2):4. Zhao J L, Tong X T. Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, 2011, (2):4.
[49] 宋龙艳.北京高精尖产业升级2.0版[J]. 投资北京, 2021. Song L Y. Beijing high-end high-end Industrial upgrading 2.0edition[J]. Investment Beijing, 2021.
[50] 王卫星,曹淑萍,李攻科,等.津北大气干湿沉降重金属元素通量与评价研究[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2017,42(5):46-51. Wang W X, Cao S P, Li G K, et al. Study on flux and evaluation of heavy metal elements in dry and wet deposition in northern Jinbei atmosphere[J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2017,42 (5):46-51.
[51] 丛源,陈岳龙,杨忠芳,等.北京平原区元素的大气干湿沉降通量[J]. 地质通报, 2008,27(2):8. Cong Y, Chen Y L, Yang Z F, et al. Atmospheric dry and wet deposition flux of elements in Beijing Plain[J].Geological Bulletin of China, 2008,27(2):8.
[52] 张国忠.华北地区大气干湿沉降及其对农田土壤的影响研究[D]. 甘肃农业大学, 2015. Zhang G Z. Study on atmospheric dry and wet deposition in North China and its influence on farmland soil[D]. Gansu Agricultural University, 2015.
[53] Pan Y, Liu J, Zhang L, et al. Bulk Deposition and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Agricultural Areas of Rural Beijing during 2016~2020[J]. Atmosphere, 2021,12(2):283.
[54] 赵亚伟.邯郸市大气干湿沉降特征及对水体影响研究[D]. 河北工程大学, 2019. Zhao Y W. Study on the characteristics of dry and wet deposition of the atmosphere and its influence on water body in Handan City[D]. Hebei University of Engineering, 2019.
[55] 戴华鑫,张仕祥,王爱国,等.大气沉降对烟叶重金属含量的影响及铅同位素示踪[J]. 中国烟草学报, 2018,24(1):14-20. Dai H X, Zhang S X, et al. Effect of atmospheric deposition on heavy metal content and lead isotope tracing in tobacco leaves[J]. Chinese Journal of Tobacco, 2018,24(1):14-20.
[56] Liu Y, Cui J, Peng Y, et al. Atmospheric deposition of hazardous elements and its accumulation in both soil and grain of winter wheat in a lead-zinc smelter contaminated area, Central China[J]. The Science of the Total Environment, 2020,707(Mar.10):135789.1-135789.9.
[57] Connan O, Maro D, Hébert D, et al. Wet and dry deposition of particles associated metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, Hg) in a rural wetland site, Marais Vernier, France[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2013,67:394-403.
[58] Nicholson F A, Smith S R, Alloway B J, et al. An inventory of heavy metals inputs to agricultural soils in England and Wales[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2003,311(1-3):205-219.
[59] Golomb D, Ryan D, Eby N, et al. Atmospheric deposition of toxics onto Massachusetts Bay-I. Metals[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1997,31(9):1349-1359.
[60] 熊秋林,赵文吉,束同同,等.北京降尘重金属污染水平及其空间变异特征[J]. 环境科学研究, 2016,29(12):1743-1750. Xiong Q L, Zhao W J, Shu T T, et al. Pollution level of heavy metals in dust precipitation in Beijing and its spatial variation characteristics[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2016,29(12):1743-1750.
[61] 王永刚,伍娟丽,王旭,等.北京市中心城河流表层沉积物重金属污染评价[J]. 南水北调与水利科技, 2017,15(0):74-80,107. Wang Y G, Wu J L, Wang X, et al. Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in surface sediments of central Beijing[J]. South-to-North Water Transfer and Water Conservancy Science and Technology, 2017, 15(0):74-80,107.
[62] 伍娟丽,王永刚,王旭,等.通州区河流沉积物重金属污染评价[J]. 水生态学杂, 2020,41(1):71-78. Wu J L, Wang Y G, Wang X, et al. Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in river sediments in Tongzhou District[J]. Miscellaneous Water Ecology, 2020,41(1):71-78.