铜川市新区大气挥发性有机物季节性来源解析

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摘要以汾渭平原中小城市铜川市为研究对象,采用在线监测的方法测定铜川市高新技术产业开发区大气环境VOCs组分浓度(共计115种),梳理分析高新技术产业开发区大气VOCs污染时间序列与季节性变化特征,运用PMF模型解析VOCs的主要来源,利用最大增量反应活性(MIR)法量化VOCs的臭氧生成潜势(OFP),并计算毒性VOCs的危害指数(HI)和终生癌症风险(LCR).结果表明,监测期间铜川市高新技术产业开发区春、夏和冬季φ(TVOCs)均值分别为(69.03 ± 47.48)×10^-9、(92.66± 37.54)×10^-9和(134.90± 74.58)×10^-9,各季节排名前三的组分表现一致(烷烃>烯烃>芳香烃).PMF源解析结果显示,铜川市高新技术产业开发区大气VOCs来源以化工企业、机动车、燃烧排放为主(贡献均超过20%),但存在显著的季节性特征.OFP评估结果表明,OVOCs是各季节贡献最大的组分,主要贡献物种为乙醇、乙醛和乙烯等.春、夏和冬季VOCs经呼吸摄入致癌风险为1.57×10^-5~ 8.42×10^-5,非致癌风险均高于可接受水平(HI>1),表明此环境中的暴露人群存在轻微致癌和非致癌健康风险.其中,丙烯醛危害指数尤其突出(HI>1).

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	张力元
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	张月
	王鉴月
	吴维鹏
	薄雅楠

关键词 ：铜川市高新技术产业开发区, 挥发性有机物(VOCs), 组分分析, 来源解析, 健康风险评价

Abstract：This study aims to investigate the VOCs pollution characteristics in the high-tech industrial zone of Tongchuan City, a medium-sized city in the Fenwei Plain, by using online monitoring methods to measure the concentration of environmental VOCs components (a total of 115species) in the atmosphere of the Tongchuan High-tech Industrial Development Zone, thereby obtaining a high-resolution time series and seasonal variation patterns of atmospheric VOCs.The Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model was utilized to identify the primary sources of VOCs, and the Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR) method was applied to quantify the Ozone Formation Potential (OFP) of VOCs. Furthermore, the Hazard Index (HI) and Lifetime Cancer Risk (LCR) of toxic VOCs were calculated. The findings revealed that during the monitoring period, the average values of φ (TVOCs) in spring, summer, and winter were respectively (69.03 ± 47.48)×10^-9, (92.66 ± 37.54)×10^-9, and (134.90 ± 74.58)×10^-9, with the top three components in each season being consistent (alkanes > alkenes > aromatics). PMF source apportionment results indicated that the sources of atmospheric VOCs in the development zone were primarily from chemical companies, motor vehicles, and combustion emissions (each contributing over 20%). OFP assessment outcomes revealed that OVOCs were the major contributing components in all seasons, with ethanol, acetaldehyde, and ethylene being the primary species. Health risk assessments indicated that the HI in spring, summer, and winter all exceeded acceptable levels (HI > 1), suggesting non-carcinogenic health risks to the exposed population. Acrolein, in particular, had a notably high hazard index, exceeding 1in all seasons. The lifetime cancer risks in spring, summer, and winter were 1.68×10^-5, 1.57×10^-5, and 8.42×10^-5, respectively, indicating a slight carcinogenic risk in all seasons.

Key words： Tongchuan high-tech industrial development zone volatile organic compounds (VOCs) component analysis source analysis health risk assessment

收稿日期: 2024-06-01

PACS:

X51

基金资助:国家自然科学基金青年项目(42207130);细颗粒物与臭氧污染协同防控“一市一策”驻点跟踪研究项目(DQGG202144);西安市创新能力强基计划-社会发展科技创新示范项目(21SFSF0002);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(长安大学)(300102293203)

通讯作者: 张力元,副教授,zly2017@chd.edu.cn E-mail: zly2017@chd.edu.cn

作者简介: 张力元(1990-),男,陕西西安人,副教授,博士,主要研究方向为大气气溶胶演化机制、挥发性有机物排放特征.发表论文30余篇.zly2017@chd.edu.cn.

引用本文:

张力元, 张亚楠, 钟佳浩, 郭巍, 张月, 王鉴月, 吴维鹏, 薄雅楠. 铜川市新区大气挥发性有机物季节性来源解析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2025, 45(1): 93-102. ZHANG Li-yuan, ZHANG Ya-nan, ZHONG Jia-hao, GUO Wei, ZHANG Yue, WANG Jian-yue, WU Wei-peng, BO Ya-nan. Seasonal source analysis of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Tongchuan high-tech industrial development zone. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2025, 45(1): 93-102.

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