聚乳酸微塑料对淡水沉积物氮转化的影响

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摘要为探究生物可降解聚乳酸微塑料(PLA-MPs)对淡水沉积物中氮转化的影响,构建了室内沉积物体系,分别向淡水沉积物中加入0(对照)、0.05%、0.5%、5%(质量比)的PLA-MPs,并在温度为25℃且光照强度为40μE/(m²·s)的条件下培养45d.结果表明,PLA-MPs的加入导致体系中pH值和溶解氧(DO)浓度显著降低而溶解性有机碳(DOC)浓度显著升高(P<0.05),同时促进CO₂和CH₄的生成.实验结束时,PLA-MPs的添加使NH₄⁺-N的浓度降低,0.05%和0.5% PLA-MPs处理组,NO₃^--N和TN浓度低于对照组(其上覆水TN浓度相比对照组分别下降了68.44%和61.83%).相反,5% PLA-MPs处理组出现TN积累(实验结束时上覆水TN浓度为5.71mg/L)且显著高于对照组(P<0.05).此外,0.5%和5% PLA-MPs处理组沉积物NO₂^--N浓度降低并减少了N₂O的释放,而0.05% PLA-MPs则与之相反.添加PLA-MPs促进了固氮基因nifH和硝化基因amoA的表达,反硝化基因nirS和nosZ在0.05%和0.5% PLA-MPs处理组富集.而反硝化基因narG丰度仅在0.5% PLA-MPs处理组上调;5% PLA-MPs处理组中narG和nirS基因的丰度下调,nosZ基因的表达呈现先抑制后促进的趋势.研究结果表明,PLA-MPs的加入改变了上覆水及沉积物中的理化性质,促进了固氮和硝化,同时提供碳源增强0.05%和0.5% PLA-MPs处理下的反硝化从而脱氮,但在5% PLA-MPs处理中由于pH过低导致NO₃^--N和NO₂^--N的还原受到抑制进而使得TN积累.

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关键词 ：聚乳酸塑料, 氮转化, 基因, 沉积物

Abstract：In order to explore the effect of biodegradable polylactic acid microplastics (PLA-MPs) on nitrogen conversion in sediments, a laboratory experimental sediment system was constructed, and 0 (control), 0.05%, 0.5% and 5% (W/W) PLA-MPs were added to freshwater sediments, then the incubation experiment was performed for 45d at 25℃ and light intensity of 40μE/(m²·s). The concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) decreased significantly and the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased significantly (P<0.05), and the formation of CO₂ and CH₄ was promoted. At the end of the experiment, the concentration of NH₄⁺-N was reduced by the addition of PLA-MPs, and the concentrations of NO₃^--N and TN in the 0.05% and 0.5% PLA-MPs treatment group were lower than those in the control group (compared with the control group, the TN concentrations of the overlying water decreased by 68.44% and 61.83%, respectively). On the contrary, the TN accumulation in the 5% PLA-MPs treatment group was recorded (the TN concentration in the overlying water was 5.71mg/L at the end of the experiment) and was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The NO₂^--N concentration in the 0.5% and 5% PLA-MPs treatment groups decreased and the release of N₂O was reduced, while the concentration of NO₂^--N in the 0.05% and 5% PLA-MPs treatment groups was increased. The addition of PLA-MPs promoted the expression of nitrogen-fixing genes nifH and nitrification genes amoA, and the denitrification genes nirS and nosZ were enriched in the 0.05% and 0.5% PLA-MPs treatment groups. However, the abundance of denitrification gene narG was only up-regulated in the 0.5% PLA-MPs treatment group. The abundance of narG and nirS genes in the 5% PLA-MPs treatment group was down-regulated, and the expression of nosZ gene was inhibited but then promoted. The results show that PLA-MPs changes the properties of the overlying water and sediment, promotes nitrogen fixation and nitrification, and provide carbon source to enhance denitrification and denitrification under 0.05% and 0.5% PLA-MPs treatments, but the reduction of NO₃^--N and NO₂^--N is inhibited due to low pH in 5% PLA-MPs treatment, resulting in TN accumulation.

Key words： polylactic acid plastic nitrogen conversion gene sediment

收稿日期: 2024-08-14

PACS:

X524

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(52370199);重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重点项目(CSTB2023TIAD-KPX0092)

作者简介: 孙爱(2001-),女,重庆人,重庆大学硕士研究生,主要从事污染物环境效应相关研究.459012413@qq.com.

引用本文:

孙爱, 冯琴霜, 唐炳然, 何强, 李宏. 聚乳酸微塑料对淡水沉积物氮转化的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2025, 45(4): 2122-2134. SUN Ai, FENG Qin-shuang, TANG Bing-ran, HE Qiang, LI Hong. Effect of polylactic acid microplastics on nitrogen conversion in freshwater sediments. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2025, 45(4): 2122-2134.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I4/2122

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