吐鲁番盆地绿洲区地下水硼的水文地球化学过程及健康风险

丁启振; 周殷竹; 周金龙; 姜凤; 孙英; 雷米; 任乐; 赵水金; 赵纳言; 李军

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4) : 2183-2196.

环境生态

吐鲁番盆地绿洲区地下水硼的水文地球化学过程及健康风险

丁启振^1,2,3, 周殷竹^1,4, 周金龙^1,2,3, 姜凤^1,2,3, 孙英^1,2,3, 雷米^1,2,3, 任乐^1,2,3, 赵水金^1,2,3, 赵纳言^1,2,3, 李军^1,5

作者信息 +

Hydrogeochemical process and health risk of boron in groundwater in oasis area of Turpan Basin

DING Qi-zhen^1,2,3, ZHOU Yin-zhu^1,4, ZHOU Jin-long^1,2,3, JIANG Feng^1,2,3, SUN Ying^1,2,3, LEI Mi^1,2,3, REN Le^1,2,3, ZHAO Shui-jin^1,2,3, ZHAO Na-yan^1,2,3, LI Jun^1,5

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文章历史 +

摘要

新疆吐鲁番盆地绿洲区作为西北典型的干旱区,地下水是经济发展的重要水源.基于6组地表水和49组地下水水样,利用水化学、同位素和UNMIX模型等方法分析了地下水硼的水文地球化学过程及潜在的健康风险.结果表明:(1)研究区地表水呈中性-弱碱性,地下水为弱酸-弱碱性;硼在地下水中以H₃BO₃和B (OH)₄^-形式混合存在,H₃BO₃占主导.(2)地下水硼浓度介于ND~4.26mg/L,24.5%的水样超过《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2022)的限值1.0mg/L,高硼地下水水化学类型以Cl·SO₄-Na·Ca为主;硼浓度表现出明显的空间差异性,聚集在含硼河流下游的高昌区.(3)山区岩石风化淋溶是地下水硼富集的主要来源,废水和化肥排放也影响着硼浓度,地表水补给是硼进入地下水的主要途径.pH值、竞争吸附、阳离子交换、蒸发盐溶解和混合作用控制着地下水硼的富集,不同含水层具有明显差异.(4) UNMIX模型识别出4个因子:地表水入渗补给(36.6%)、碳酸盐-硅酸盐溶解(21.8%)、蒸发盐溶解(21.6%)和工农业活动(20.0%),其中硼主要来源于地表水入渗补给(56.0%).(5)就硼在地下水中构成的风险而言,弱势群体的顺序为:婴儿>成年男性>成年女性>儿童.

Abstract

As a typical arid oasis in northwest China, economic development in the Turpan Basin is heavily dependent on groundwater. In this study, hydrogeochemical mechanisms controlling groundwater boron (B) enrichment and associated health risks through an integrated approach combining hydrochemical analysis, isotopic tracing, and UNMIX receptor modeling were systematically investigated based on 6 river water and 49 groundwater collected in the study area. The results indicated that: (1) surface water in the study area was neutral to slightly alkaline, while groundwater ranged from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline; groundwater B existed in a mixed form of H₃BO₃ and B(OH)₄^-, with H₃BO₃ being the dominant species. (2) Groundwater B concentrations ranged from ND to 4.26mg/L, with 24.5% exceeding China's drinking water standard (1.0mg/L, GB5749-2022). High-B groundwater (mainly Cl·SO₄-Na·Ca type) exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity, clustering in the Gaochang District downstream of B-bearing river. (3) Groundwater B enrichment originated from mountain rock weathering (dominant source), supplemented by anthropogenic inputs (wastewater/fertilizers), with surface water infiltration being the principal transport pathway. Key controlling processes included pH-dependent speciation, cation exchange, competitive adsorption, dissolution of evaporite, and the mixing, with significant variations between aquifers. (4) The UNMIX model identified four factors: surface water infiltration recharge (36.6%), carbonate-silicate dissolution (21.8%), evaporite dissolution (21.6%), and industrial/agricultural activities (20.0%), with boron primarily originating from surface water infiltration recharge (56.0%). (5) The order of vulnerable segments of the population in terms of risk posed by B in groundwater was: infants > adult men > adult women > children. in the arid region of Northwest China.

导出引用

丁启振, 周殷竹, 周金龙, 姜凤, 孙英, 雷米, 任乐, 赵水金, 赵纳言, 李军. 吐鲁番盆地绿洲区地下水硼的水文地球化学过程及健康风险[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(4): 2183-2196

DING Qi-zhen, ZHOU Yin-zhu, ZHOU Jin-long, JIANG Feng, SUN Ying, LEI Mi, REN Le, ZHAO Shui-jin, ZHAO Na-yan, LI Jun. Hydrogeochemical process and health risk of boron in groundwater in oasis area of Turpan Basin[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(4): 2183-2196

中图分类号： X523

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