北京潮白河冲洪积扇中下游地下水铁锰来源解析及成因分析

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摘要为了查明高铁锰地下水来源及其水化学成因,运用主成分分析方法和绝对主成分-多元线性回归模型,解析地下水中铁锰来源及主要环境影响因素,量化各来源贡献率;基于Durrov图和矿物饱和度指数等揭示各来源铁锰的影响范围、水化学特征及成因.结果表明:研究区内铁、锰超Ⅲ类标准率分别为45.6%和59.4%,且丰水期铁、锰浓度水平和超标率普遍高于枯水期;主成分分析提取出铁、锰因子载荷较高的3个主成分,分别为导致第一含水层铁锰超标的迁移-富集作用(F1),导致第一、二含水层铁锰超标的铁锰氧化物自然溶解作用(F2),以及水化学作用(F3),主要影响因素分别为水文地质条件、还原环境和pH值;铁、锰易在HCO₃-Ca·Mg型地下水中富集(F1和F2),HCO₃-Na型地下水中Fe、Mn浓度较低(F3);源解析结果显示F1和F3分别解释了研究区域54.3%和26.3%的铁,以及58.7%和19.4%的锰,F2对铁锰的解释率低于7.50%.综合所述,F1和F2是导致研究区域铁锰超标的主要原因,水文地质条件和pH值是影响研究区域地下水铁锰浓度的主要变量,人为源对研究区域地下水中铁、锰浓度影响有限.

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关键词 ：铁, 锰, 源解析, 水化学成因, APCS-MLR分析, 地下水

Abstract：In order to identify the sources and hydrochemical origin of groundwater with high concentration of Fe and Mn, principal component analysis method and absolute principal component-multiple linear regression model were used to analyze the sources of Fe and Mn in groundwater, and quantify the contribution of each source. Meanwhile, Durrov diagram, chlor-alkali index and mineral saturation index were used to reveal the influence, chemical characteristics and origin of Fe and Mn from different sources. The results showed that the ratio of Fe and Mn exceeding class III standard accounted for 45.6% and 59.4%, respectively. In addition, the concentration levels of Fe and Mn and the rates exceeding the standard were generally higher in wet season than that in dry season. The groundwater in the study area was in a reduction environment, and pH, TOC and sampling depth were the main environmental factors affecting the groundwater quality. Three main components about Fe and Mn were extracted by principal component analysis (PCA), namely, the migration-enrichment effect (F1), the natural dissolution effect of Fe and Mn oxides (F2), and the hydrochemical effect (F3). The main influencing factors of the three principal components were hydrogeological conditions, reduction environment and pH. F1 and F2 were the main reasons which lead to the excess of Fe and Mn in the first and second aquifers, and the low Fe and Mn groundwater formed by F3was distributed in all aquifers. Fe and Mn were easily enriched in HCO₃-Ca·Mg groundwater (F1and F2), while the concentrations of Fe and Mn were low in HCO₃-Na groundwater (F3). Source analysis results showed that 54.3% and 26.3% of Fe were mainly affacted by F1and F3; the corresponding values for Mn were 58.7% and 19.4%. Less than 7.50% of Fe and Mn were affected by F2. In summary, the migration-enrichment effect and the natural dissolution effect of Fe and Mn oxides are the main factors leading to the excess of Fe and Mn, and hydrogeological conditions and pH are the main variables affecting the concentration of Fe and Mn in groundwater. The influence of anthropogenic activities on the concentration of Fe and Mn in groundwater in the study area is limited.

Key words： iron manganese source analysis hydrochemical origin APCS-MLR groundwater

收稿日期: 2024-02-06

PACS:

X523

基金资助:国家重点研发计划(2021YFC1809000);北京市平原区地下水环境背景值调查研究项目

通讯作者: 荆红卫,教授级高工,jinghongwei@bjmemc.com.cn E-mail: jinghongwei@bjmemc.com.cn

作者简介: 陈吉吉(1989-),女,陕西商洛人,高级工程师,博士,主要研究方向为地下水环境监测.发表论文10余篇.cateapple@163.com

引用本文:

陈吉吉, 陶蕾, 席玥, 田颖, 徐蘇士, 刘保献, 荆红卫. 北京潮白河冲洪积扇中下游地下水铁锰来源解析及成因分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(9): 5016-5025. CHEN Ji-ji, TAO Lei, XI Yue, TIAN Ying, XU Su-shi, LIU Bao-xian, JING Hong-wei. Quantitative source apportionment and origin analysis of Fe and Mn in the middle and lower reaches groundwater of Chaobai alluvial-proluvial fan, Beijing. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(9): 5016-5025.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I9/5016

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