京津冀地区典型石化园区VOCs排放特征及影响评价

张香蕊; 魏巍; 李国昊; 白画画; 刘晓宇; 吕喆

PDF(1861 KB)

中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5) : 2423-2433.

臭氧污染与控制

京津冀地区典型石化园区VOCs排放特征及影响评价

张香蕊^1,2, 魏巍^1,2, 李国昊^2,3, 白画画^2,3, 刘晓宇^2,3, 吕喆^2,3

作者信息 +

Emission characteristics and influences assessment of volatile organic compounds from a typical petrochemical park in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

ZHANG Xiang-rui^1,2, WEI Wei^1,2, LI Guo-hao^2,3, BAI Hua-hua^2,3, LIU Xiao-yu^2,3, LYU Zhe^2,3

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

以京津冀地区某石化园区为研究对象,选取园区内5个代表性点位进行采样并分析,识别了该区域内85种挥发性有机物(VOCs)的排放特征,评估其对环境及健康的影响.研究发现,5个点位总挥发性有机化合物(TVOCs)浓度为546.0~4472.2μg/m³,烷烃和烯烃是主要组成部分,芳香烃和卤代烃次之.对比各点位VOCs组分的日变化发现谷峰出现的时间有所差异,且各点位的特征物种不同.合成橡胶区OFP最高(13239.8μg/m³),烯烃对O₃生成的贡献最高(62.8%~90.5%),其次是烷烃(3.8%~34.8%)和芳香烃(2.2%~22.1%).除此之外,仅合成橡胶区发生恶臭污染,1,3-丁二烯(0.68)、正己烷(0.30)是产生恶臭的主要VOCs物种.通过使用USEPA方法评估各点位健康风险,发现合成橡胶区域非致癌风险及炼油区致癌风险高于其他点位.

Abstract

We chose a petrochemical park in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei as the research target, and five representative sites were selected for sampling and analysis. 85 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected and their impacts on the environment and health were evaluated. The results showed that the concentration of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) were 546.0~4472.2μg/m₃, in which alkanes and alkenes were the dominant group, followed by aromatics and halocarbons. Compared with the diurnal variation of VOCs components at each site, the time of peak and valley values appearing were different, and the typical species were different. Additionally, OFP in the synthetic rubber area was the richest (13239.8μg/m₃). The contribution of alkenes to OFP was the highest (62.8%~90.5%), followed by alkanes (3.8%~34.8%) and aromatics (2.2%~22.1%). Otherwise, only the synthetic rubber area was polluted by odor, 1,3-butadiene (0.68) and n-hexane (0.30) were the main VOCs species that produced odor. Moreover, the health risk associated with each site was assessed by the US EPA method, indicating that the non-cancer risk of synthetic rubber and cancer risk of oil refining were higher than those of other sites.

导出引用

张香蕊, 魏巍, 李国昊, 白画画, 刘晓宇, 吕喆. 京津冀地区典型石化园区VOCs排放特征及影响评价[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(5): 2423-2433

ZHANG Xiang-rui, WEI Wei, LI Guo-hao, BAI Hua-hua, LIU Xiao-yu, LYU Zhe. Emission characteristics and influences assessment of volatile organic compounds from a typical petrochemical park in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(5): 2423-2433

中图分类号： X51

参考文献

[1] Wang X Q, Zhang T S, Xiang Y, et al. Investigation of atmospheric ozone during summer and autumn in Guangdong Province with a lidar network [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,7751:141740
[2] 李雷,李红,王学中,等.广州市中心城区环境空气中挥发性有机物的污染特征与健康风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2013,34(12):4558- 4564. Li L, Li H, Wang X Z, et al. Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of atmospheric VOCs in the downtown area of Guangzhou, China [J]. Environmental Science, 2013,34(12):4558-4564.
[3] Smith M T, Zhang L. Biomarkers of leukemia risk: benzene as a model [J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 1998,106(suppl 4):937-946.
[4] Wang B, Li Z, Liu Z, et al. Characteristics, secondary transformation potential and health risks of atmospheric volatile organic compounds in an industrial area in Zibo, East China [J]. Atmosphere, 2023,14(1): 158.
[5] Han D, Gao S, Fu Q, et al. Do volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from petrochemical industries affect regional PM_2.5? [J]. Atmospheric Research, 2018,209:123-130.
[6] 张晓旭,陈勇,李佳,等.某石化工业园区大气中挥发性有机污染特征及其垂直分布研究[J]. 四川环境, 2021,40(4):106-114. Zhang X X, Chen Y, Li J, et al. Study on characteristics and vertical distribution of VOCs pollution in a petrochemical industry park [J]. Sichuan Environment, 2021,40(4):106-114.
[7] 李鸥阳.典型石化企业附近大气中含氧挥发性有机物污染特征研究[D]. 济南:山东建筑大学, 2023. Li O Y. Study on the pollution characteristics of oxygen-containing volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere near typical petrochemical enterprises [D]. Jinan: Shandong Jianzhu University, 2023.
[8] Lv D, Lu S, Tan X, et al. Source profiles, emission factors and associated contributions to secondary pollution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from a local petroleum refinery in Shandong [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2021,274:116589.
[9] Wei W, Yao B, Yang X, et al. Severe photochemical pollution was found in large petrochemical complexes: A typical case study in North China [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2024,344:123343.
[10] 张玉兰,张晗,孙学建,等.典型石化园区VOCs污染特征及臭氧生成潜势[J]. 资源节约与环保, 2024,(1):83-89. Zhang Y L, Zhang H, Sun X J, et al. Characteristics of VOCs pollution and ozone generation potential in typical petrochemical parks [J]. Resource Conservation and Environmental Protection, 2024,(1):83- 89.
[11] Zheng H, Kong S, Yan Y, et al. Compositions, sources and health risks of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at a petrochemical industrial park along the Yangtze River [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,703:135505.
[12] Feng Y, Ding D, Xiao A, et al. Characteristics, influence factors, and health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds through one year of high-resolution measurement at a refinery [J]. Chemosphere, 2022,296:134004.
[13] HJ/T 55-2000大气污染物无组织排放监测技术导则[S]. HJ/T 55-2000 Technical guideline for fugitive emission monitoring of air pollutants [S].
[14] Lv Z, Liu X, Wang G, et al. Sector-based volatile organic compounds emission characteristics from the electronics manufacturing industry in China [J]. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 2021,12(7):101097.
[15] GB/T 759-2015环境空气挥发性有机物的测定罐采样/气相色谱- 质谱法[S]. GB/T 759-2015 Ambient air-Determination of volatile organic compounds-Collected in canisters and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [S].
[16] Carter W P L. Development of a condensed SAPRC-07chemical mechanism [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2010,44(40):5336-5345.
[17] Xue S, Ding W, Li L, et al. Emission, dispersion, and potential risk of volatile organic and odorous compounds in the exhaust gas from two sludge thermal drying processes [J]. Waste Management, 2022,138: 116-124.
[18] Hu R, Liu G, Zhang H, et al. Odor pollution due to industrial emission of volatile organic compounds: A case study in Hefei, China [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020,246:119075.
[19] Nagata Y, Takeuchi N. Measurement of odor threshold by triangle odor bag method [J]. Odor Measurement Review, 2003,118:118-127.
[20] 王亘,翟增秀,耿静,等.40种典型恶臭物质嗅阈值测定[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2015,15(6):348-351. Wang G, Zhai Z X, Geng J, et al. Testing and determination of the olfactory thresholds of the 40kinds of typical malodorous substances [J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2015,15(6):348-351.
[21] Jia H, Gao S, Duan Y, et al. Investigation of health risk assessment and odor pollution of volatile organic compounds from industrial activities in the Yangtze River Delta region, China [J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2021,208:111474.
[22] Epa U S. Risk assessment guidance for superfund volume I: human health evaluation manual.Part F, Supplemental guidance for inhalation risk assessment [R]. Washington DC, 2009.
[23] 赵兰兰,崔阳,郭利利,等.山西某典型焦化厂VOCs无组织排放特征、臭氧生成潜势和健康风险评估[J]. 环境化学, 2025,44(3):1111- 1118. Zhao L L, Cui Y, Guo L L, et al. Fugitive emission characteristics, ozone formation potential and health risk assessment of VOCs ina typical coking plant in Shanxi [J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2025, 44(3):1111-1118.
[24] Feng Y, Xiao A, Jia R, et al. Emission characteristics and associated assessment of volatile organic compounds from process units in a refinery [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2020,265:115026.
[25] 冯云霞.石化工业区VOCs排放特征及其对二次污染形成的贡献[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2022,53(6):8. Feng Y X. Characteristics of VOCs emissions from a petrochemical industrial area and associated contribution to secondary pollution [J]. Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals, 2022,53(6):8.
[26] 韩旭,马苏甜,万伟,等.典型石化园区VOCs排放特征及其风险评价[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2024,55(6):122-129. Han X, Ma S T, Wan W, et al. Emissions characteristics and risk assessment of in a typical petrochemical industrial Parks [J]. Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals, 2024,55(6):122-129.
[27] Liu C, Xin Y, Zhang C, et al. Ambient volatile organic compounds in urban and industrial regions in Beijing: Characteristics, source apportionment, secondary transformation and health risk assessment [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2023,855:158873.
[28] Zhang Y, Li R, Fu H, et al. Observation and analysis of atmospheric volatile organic compounds in a typical petrochemical area in Yangtze River Delta, China [J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2018,71: 233-248.
[29] 孙喆,刘书同,张红,等.合肥市工业园区秋季VOCs组分特征及其源解析[J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 2024,19(2):185-198. Sun Z, Liu S T, Zhang H, et al. Component characteristics and source analysis of VOCs in autumn in Hefei industrial park [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2024,19(2):185-198.
[30] Cao X, Yi J, Li Y, et al. Characteristics and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds in an industrial area at the Zhejiang– Shanghai Boundary, China [J]. Atmosphere, 2024,15(2):237.
[31] 徐晨曦,陈军辉,姜涛,等.成都市区夏季大气挥发性有机物污染特征及来源解析[J]. 环境科学, 2020,41(12):5316-5324. Xu C X, Chen J H, Jiang T, et al. Characteristics and sources of atmospheric volatile organic compounds pollution in summer in Chengdu [J]. Environmental Science, 2020,41(12):5316-5324.
[32] Sun J, Shen Z, Zhang Y, et al. Urban VOC profiles, possible sources, and its role in ozone formation for a summer campaign over Xi’an, China [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019,26: 27769-27782.
[33] Song M, Tan Q, Feng M, et al. Source apportionment and secondary transformation of atmospheric nonmethane hydrocarbons in Chengdu, Southwest China [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2018,123(17):9741-9763.
[34] Shen L J, Xiang P ,Liang S W, et al. Sources profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured in a typical industrial process in Wuhan, Central China [J]. Atmosphere, 2018,9(8):297.
[35] Agency for toxic substances and disease registry (ATSDR). Toxicological profile for 1,3-Butadiene. Atlanta [EB/OL]. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles,2012.
[36] Agency for toxic substances and disease registry (ATSDR). Toxicological profile for 2-Butanone. Atlanta [EB/OL]. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles,2020.
[37] Agency for toxic substances and disease registry (ATSDR). Toxicological profile for Benzene [EB/OL]. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles,2007.
[38] 肖凯,张晓伟,郝志飞,等.焦化厂非常规污染物排放特征及臭氧生成潜势分析[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2022,44(4):494-500. Xiao K, Zhang X W, Hao Z F, et al. Emission characteristics of unconventional pollutants and analysis of ozone formation potential in coking plant [J]. Environmental Pollution and Prevention and Control, 2022,44(4):494-500.
[39] 李石,孙慧,高少华,等.石化企业挥发性有机物与环境空气中臭氧、二次有机气溶胶关系分析[J]. 化工进展, 2018,37(5):2023- 2028. Li S, Sun H, Gao S H, et al. Relationship analysis between VOCs from petrochemical enterprise and O₃, SOA in the air [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2018,37(5):2023-2028.
[40] Zhang Z, Yan X, Gao F, et al. Emission and health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds in various processes of a petroleum refinery in the Pearl River Delta, China [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018,238:452-461.
[41] 程水源,李文忠,魏巍,等.炼油厂分季节VOCs组成及其臭氧生成潜势分析[J]. 北京工业大学学报, 2013,39(3):438-444,465. Chen S Y, Li W Z, Wei W, et al. Refinery VOCs seasonal composition and analysis of ozone formation potential [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2013,39(3):438-444,465.
[42] 李陵,胡伟,吕平江,等.工业园区挥发性有机物及其致臭物质污染特征和来源解析[J]. 环境科学, 2024,45(9):5168-5178. Li L, Hu W, Lv P J, et al. Pollution characterization and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds and their odor-causing species in industrial parks [J]. Environmental Science, 2024,45(9): 5168-5178.