青岛市雾日PM<sub>1</sub>中金属元素来源及健康风险评估

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摘要为了解青岛市雾日PM₁中金属元素的污染程度及其来源,并评估其对人类健康的危害,依据能见度及湿度数据对雾日进行划分,结合正定矩阵因子分解法(PMF)源解析模型和健康风险评价模型研究青岛市雾日亚微米颗粒物(PM₁)中金属元素的来源和健康风险.结果表明,清洁雾日PM₁浓度略高于清洁日,而污染雾日PM₁浓度是霾日PM₁的1.11倍,清洁日的3.07倍.秋冬季雾日金属元素受人为源影响,K元素含量最高;夏季雾日的主要贡献元素是典型的地壳元素Ca、Fe、Al及海盐Na元素.PMF结果表明秋冬季雾日PM₁中金属元素主要来自煤/生物质燃烧、机动车源、地壳源、海盐源、船舶源和工业源;夏季雾日PM₁中金属元素主要来自煤/生物质燃烧、机动车源、地壳源、海盐源、船舶源和工业源.夏季采样点位临海,海雾频发,海盐源为夏季雾日金属元素的重要贡献.健康风险评估结果表明,成年人与儿童暴露于青岛秋冬季雾日PM₁的非致癌风险均低于阈值.成人和儿童呼吸途径Mn的非致癌风险最高,儿童手口摄食As的非致癌风险(HQ_AS=0.50)最高.As(3.1×10^-6)和Cr(1.9×10^‑6)的致癌风险均已超过致癌风险阈值,建议加强含Mn、As、Cr排放源的管控.

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	陶文鑫
	杜金花
	杨建立
	谭玉冉
	王超龙
	薛莲
	隋浩新
	张厚勇
	刘晓环
	张宜升

关键词 ： PM₁, 金属元素, 雾日, 来源, 健康风险

Abstract：In order to understand pollution level and sources of metallic elements in PM₁ on foggy days in Qingdao, and to assess the risk to human health, this study classified foggy days based on visibility and humidity data, and revealed the sources and health risks of metallic elements in PM₁ on foggy days in Qingdao by combining the PMF and the health risk assessment model. The PM₁ concentration on clean-foggy days was slightly higher than that on clean days, while the PM₁ concentration on polluted-foggy days was 1.11 times as compared with hazy days and 3.07 times as compared with clean days. The metal elements in the autumn and winter foggy days were influenced by anthropogenic sources, with the highest content of Potassium. The main contributing elements in the summer foggy days were the typical crustal elements Ca, Fe, Al and sea salt Na. The PMF results showed that the metal elements in the PM₁on the autumn and winter foggy days came from biomass/coal combustion, vehicle emissions, crustal dust, sea salt, ship emissions and industry, the metal elements in PM₁ on foggy days in summer were biomass/coal combustion, vehicle/road dust sources, crustal dust, sea salt, ship emissions and industry. The sampling site is adjacent to the sea, where sea fog is frequent and sea salt sources are an important source of metal elements on foggy days in summer. The results of health risk assessment showed that the non-carcinogenic risk of PM₁ for adults and children exposed to foggy days in Qingdao in autumn and winter was below the threshold value. The non-carcinogenic risk of Mn was the highest for adults and children, and the non-carcinogenic risk of hand-oral ingestion of As (HQ_As=0.50) was the highest for children. The carcinogenic risks of As (3.1×10^-6) and Cr (1.9×10^-6) exceeded the thresholds for carcinogenic risk, and it is recommended to strengthen the control of the sources of emissions containing Mn, As, and Cr.

Key words： PM₁ metal elements foggy day source health risk assessment

收稿日期: 2023-09-28

PACS:

X513

基金资助:山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2023MD056);粤港澳环境质量协同创新联合实验室开放基金资助项目(GHML2021-103);山东省一流学科开放课题项目(QUTSEME201911

通讯作者: 张宜升,副教授,doctorzys@163.com E-mail: doctorzys@163.com

引用本文:

陶文鑫, 杜金花, 杨建立, 谭玉冉, 王超龙, 薛莲, 隋浩新, 张厚勇, 刘晓环, 张宜升. 青岛市雾日PM₁中金属元素来源及健康风险评估[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(4): 1945-1956. TAO Wen-xin, DU Jin-hua, YANG Jian-li, TAN Yu-ran, WANG Chao-long, XUE Lian, SUI Hao-xin, ZHANG Hou-yong, LIU Xiao-huan, ZHANG Yi-sheng. Source identification and health risk assessment of trace elements in atmospheric PM₁during foggy days in Qingdao. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(4): 1945-1956.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I4/1945

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