秋冬季不同天气类型PM<sub>1</sub>中金属元素污染来源及健康风险评估——以青岛市为例

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摘要于2018年~2022年秋冬季(每年11月至次年1月)开展大气PM₁逐日采样和20种金属元素分析,分析了不同天气类型下金属元素污染特征及来源,并评估了其健康风险.结果表明,沙尘日金属元素含量(2022.88±2298.00ng/m³)高于其他天气,霾日、污染雾日分别为清洁日的2.06倍和1.70倍.致癌金属元素(Ni、Cd、As、Cr、Co、Pb)和非致癌金属元素(Mn、Zn、Cu、V、Al、Ba)在霾日和污染雾日富集程度更高.正定矩阵因子模型结果表明,PM₁中金属元素主要来自机动车源、煤/生物质燃烧源、海盐源、地壳源、工业源和船舶源,其中雾日和霾日来自机动车和煤/生物质燃烧源的贡献达72.1%以上,清洁雾日船舶源贡献比上升至1.9%.后向气流轨迹分析表明霾日主要受西北向中长距离污染气团传输影响.污染雾日受海陆环流下本地排放和高污染气团长距离输送共同影响,沙尘日以西北向长、中距离沙尘气团输送为主导,同时受近距离沙尘气团二次回流影响.PM₁中金属元素经呼吸途径的非致癌风险可忽略,但As和Cr的终生致癌风险高于10^-6的阈值但低于10^-4,且污染雾日和霾日风险概率最高,建议继续加强燃煤、冶金和电镀等工业过程As和Cr污染控制,重点防控秋冬季重污染事件中的污染雾日、霾日等天气.

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	杜金花
	陶文鑫
	张宜升
	刘子杨
	杨建立
	张苏凡
	王超龙
	崔杉杉
	薛莲
	张厚勇
	孙英杰

关键词 ：金属元素, 来源解析, 健康风险评估, PM₁, 青岛

Abstract：Over four consecutive autumn-winter seasons spanning from 2018 to 2022, a comprehensive analysis was conducted involving daily sampling of atmospheric PM₁ and the subsequent examination of 20 distinct metal elements. The characteristics and sources of metal elements under different weather conditions were analyzed, and their health risks were assessed. The results revealed that on dust days, metal element content (2022.88±2298.00) ng/m³ and their proportion in PM₁ (6.63%) were higher compared to other weather conditions. Specifically, the metal element content on haze and polluted fog days was 2.06 and 1.70 times higher than on clean days. Carcinogenic metal elements (Ni, Cd, As, Cr, Co, and Pb) and non-carcinogenic metal elements (Mn, Zn, Cu, V, Al, and Ba) showed higher enrichment factors on haze and polluted fog days. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis identified primary sources of metal elements in PM₁, including vehicular emissions, coal/biomass combustion, sea salt, crustal sources, industrial emissions, and maritime sources. Vehicular emissions and coal/biomass combustion notably contributed over 72.1% during foggy and hazy days, while maritime sources increased to 1.9% on clear fog days. Backward air trajectory analysis demonstrated that haze days were mainly affected by the transmission of pollutants from northwest to medium and long distances. Ocean-land circulation mainly affected polluted fog days, while dust days were dominated by long-distance transport of northwest dust masses. The non-carcinogenic risks via respiratory exposure to metallic elements in PM₁ were deemed negligible. However, the lifetime carcinogenic risks of As and Cr exceeded the threshold of 10^-6 but remained below 10^-4, with the highest risk probability observed during polluted fog and haze days. Consequently, it's recommended to intensify emission control measures targeting As and Cr sources in industrial processes such as coal combustion, metallurgy, and electroplating, particularly during heavy pollution episodes in autumn and winter.

Key words： metal elements source apportionment health risk assessment PM₁ Qingdao

收稿日期: 2024-01-04

PACS:

X513

基金资助:山东省自然科学基金(ZR2023MD056);粤港澳环境质量协同创新联合实验室开放基金项目(GHML2021-103);山东省一流学科开放课题项目(QUTSEME201911)

作者简介: 杜金花(1983-),女,山东泰安人,博士研究生,主要从事大气颗粒物溯源及污染控制研究.发表论文16篇.dujinhua_1983@163.com.

引用本文:

杜金花, 陶文鑫, 张宜升, 刘子杨, 杨建立, 张苏凡, 王超龙, 崔杉杉, 薛莲, 张厚勇, 孙英杰. 秋冬季不同天气类型PM₁中金属元素污染来源及健康风险评估——以青岛市为例[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(8): 4179-4192. DU Jin-hua, TAO Wen-xin, ZHANG Yi-sheng, LIU Zi-yang, YANG Jian-li, ZHANG Su-fan, WANG Chao-long, CUI Shan-shan, XUE-Lian, ZHANG Hou-yong, SUN Ying-jie. Source apportionment and health risk assessment of metal elements in PM₁ on different weather types during autumn and winter-A case study of Qingdao. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(8): 4179-4192.

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