Inactivation kinetics of cyclops by sodium hypochlorite and the intensification of inactivation effects with ultraviolet irradiation
HE Pan-pan1,2, NIE Xiao-bao1,2, JIANG Chang-bo1,2, TANG Yu-zi1,2, LONG Yuan-nan1,2, XU Chao1,2
1. School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
2. Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Water, Sediment Sciences & Flood Hazard Prevention, Changsha 410004, China
Once entering into the water supply system, Cyclops, which breed in the source water due to eutrophication, will led to the contamination of drinking water. To effectively control the risk of Cyclops, the inactivation kinetics of Cyclops by NaClO was investigated systematically by appropriately increasing the range of CT values (the product of concentration of NaClO and reaction time) during the inactivation by NaClO. Meanwhile, the intensification of inactivation effect by UV irradiation was discussed. The results showed that the inactivation kinetics of Cyclops by NaClO satisfied the two phase delayed pseudo first-order kinetics process, and the activation energy of inactivated reaction was 3774 J/mol. The influence of pH values on the inactivation kinetics process of Cyclops by NaClO was realized through the changing of both the amount and the chemical stability of HOCl and ClO- in the solution. When CT value exceeded 70 mg×min/L, NaClO possessed the highest inactivation effectiveness under the neutral conditions, and less effectiveness under alkaline condition and the least effectiveness under acidic condition. The inactivation effectiveness of Cyclops by NaClO was decreased by the turbidity substances because of their blocking effects on the transport of NaClO from bulk liquid to the boundary layer on the surface of Cyclops. Furthermore, the turbidity substances adsorbed on the surface of Cyclops delayed the permeation process of NaClO from the surface to inside of Cyclops, and eventually reduced the inactivation effectiveness. Inactivation effectiveness of Cyclops by NaClO was enhanced by the UV irradiation, despite that the UV irradiation itself could not kill the Cyclop. After the UV irradiation, the lag phase of cyclop inactivation disappeared or decreased, and the rate constant of inactivation reaction increased. For the pH values 6, 7 and 8, after the UV irradiation, the rate constant of inactivation reaction increased from 0.0093 to 0.0105, 0.02185 to 0.02673 and 0.0206 to 0.0286, respectively.
何盼盼, 聂小保, 蒋昌波, 唐韵子, 隆院男, 徐超. 次氯酸钠对剑水蚤灭活动力学及紫外强化灭活[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018, 38(2): 588-595.
HE Pan-pan, NIE Xiao-bao, JIANG Chang-bo, TANG Yu-zi, LONG Yuan-nan, XU Chao. Inactivation kinetics of cyclops by sodium hypochlorite and the intensification of inactivation effects with ultraviolet irradiation. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2018, 38(2): 588-595.
Ferreira L, Du Preez H H. Investigation into occurrence of aquatic invertebrates throughout drinking water purification plants[J]. Water Science & Technology:Water Supply, 2012, 12(2):250-257.
[3]
Wang Q, You W, Li X W, et al. Seasonal changes in the invertebrate community of granular activated carbon filters and control technologies[J]. Water Research, 2014,51(6):216-227.
[4]
Francoise B, Benoit B, Yolanda D, et al. Role of predation by zooplankton in transport and fate of protozoan (oo)cysts in granular activated carbon filtration[J]. Water Research, 2010, 44(4):1072-1081.
van Lieverloo J H M, Hoogenboezem W, Veenendaal G, et al. Variability of invertebrate abundance in drinking water distribution systems in the Netherlands in relation to biostability and sediment volumes[J]. Water Research, 2012,46(16):4918-4932.
Adam K, Heath R G M, Steynberg M C. Invertebrates as biomonitors of sand-filter efficiency[J]. Water SA, 1998,24(1):43-48.
[11]
苏洪涛.供水生产中水蚤类浮游生物控制技术研究[D]. 长沙:湖南大学, 2007.
[12]
Nie X B, Li Z H, Long Y N, et al. Chlorine inactivation of Tubifex tubifex in drinking water and the synergistic effect of sequential inactivation with UV irradiation and chlorine[J]. Chemosphere, 2017,177(6):7-14.
Wang X J, Hu X X, Wang H B, et al. Synergistic effect of the sequential use of UV irradiation and chlorine to disinfect reclaimed water[J]. Water Research, 2013,46(4):1225-1232.
[16]
Dykstra T S, O'Leary K C, Chauret C, et al. Impact of UV disinfection on biological stability in distribution systems[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 2007,6:147-155.
Corona-Vasquez B, Samuelson A, Rennecker J L, et al. Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts with ozone and free chlorine[J]. Water Research, 2002,36:4053-4063.
Zhang B, Luo YG, Zhou B, et al. A novel microfluidic mixer-based approach for determining inactivation kinetics of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in chlorine solutions[J]. Food Microbiology, 2015,49:152-160.
[22]
Fernando W J N. Theoretical considerations and modeling of chemical inactivation of microorganisms:Inactivation of Giardia Cysts by free chlorine[J]. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2009, 259:297-303.
[23]
汤保华.三种新型杀菌剂对水生蚤类动物影响的初步研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学, 2005.
[24]
De Beer D, Srinivasan R, Stewart P S. Direct measurement of chlorine penetration into biofilms during disinfection[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1994,60:4339-4344.
[25]
Perry R H, Chilton C H. Chemical engineers' handbook[M]. 5th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1973.
[26]
Churn C C, Boardman G D, Bates R C. The inactivation kinetics of H-1parvovirus by chlorine[J]. Water Research, 1984, 18:195-203.
[27]
Granum P E, Magnussen J. The effect of pH on hypochlorite as disinfectant[J]. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 1987,4:183-186.
[28]
Bremer P J, Monk I, Butler R. Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes⁄Flavobacterium spp. biofilms using chlorine:impact of substrate, pH, time and concentration[J]. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2002,35:321-325.
[29]
Winward G P, Avery L M, Stephenson T, et al. Chlorine disinfection of grey water for reuse:Effect of organics and particles[J]. Water Research, 2008,42:483-491
[30]
Berman D, Rice E W, Hoff J C. Inactivation of particle-associated coliforms by chlorine and monochloramine[J]. Applied and Environmental Mirobiology,1988,54:507-512
[31]
Lyon B A, Cory R M, Weinberg H S. Changes in dissolved organic matter fluorescence and disinfection byproduct formation from UV and subsequent chlorination/chloramination[J]. Journal Hazardous Materials, 2014,264:411-419.
[32]
Shang C, Cheung L M, Liu W. MS2coliphage inactivation with UV irradiation and free chlorine/monochloramine[J]. Environmental Engineering Science, 2007,24:1321-1332.
[33]
Valacchi G, Weber S U, Luu C, et al. Ozone potentiates vitamin E depletion by ultraviolet radiation in the murine stratum corneum[J]. Febs Letters, 2000,466:165-168.
