Remediation efficiency of Cd polluted soil by intercropping with herbaceous plants
MENG Nan1, WANG Meng1, CHEN Li2, ZHENG Han1, CHEN Shi-bao1
1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
2. Institute of Plant Protection and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of intercropping with different herbaceous plants on the uptake and transfer of Cd by water spinach as well as the remediation efficiency of Cd polluted soil. In this study, ten different herbaceous cultivars i.e. Gaodan grass, Sultan grass, Pennisetum, Ryegrass, Bitter vegetables, Chicory, Grain amaranth, Alfalfa, Clover and Vetch were used as intercropping plants, Cd accumulation by water spinach and remediation efficiency were mainly evaluated by the removal rate (%) of Cd in edible part (shoots) of water spinach and removal rate (%) of Cd from polluted soil. The results showed that significant differences (P<0.05) of shoot and root Cd content of water spinach were observed between the intercropping treatments. Among the treatments, the shoot Cd content was significantly decreased by Gaodan grass, Sultan grass and Pennisetum intercropping, the Cd decrease rate (%) reached 34.0%, 35.8% and 34.3% respectively, however, the uptake of Cd by water spinach was promoted with intercropping with Chicory, Grain amaranth, Alfalfa, Clover and Vetch resulting in increased shoot Cd content. Significant difference of the uptake and transfer of Cd by herbs was also observed in this study, the shoot Cd for herbs ranged from 1.81mg/kg to 12.87mg/kg, with a maximum variation of 7.1folds, the shoot Cd content of the tested herbs followed the order of Bitter vegetables > Chicory > Sultan grass≈Ryegrass > Gaodan grass ≈Pennisetum > Clover ≈ Grain amaranth > Alfalfa ≈ Vetch. The removal rate (%) of Cd from the soil ranged from 0.35% to 1.49% among the treatments. The removal rate (%) of Cd from the soil for the intercropping with Gaodan grass, Sultan grass, Pennisetum reached 1.46%, 1.49% and 1.48% respectively. Intercropping with Gaodan grass, Sultan grass, Pennisetum can not only effectively reduce the Cd uptake by water spinach, but also remove Cd from polluted soil with high efficiency. In conclusion, Gaodan grass, Sultan grass and Pennisetum have great potential application for the intercropping treatment for remediation of Cd polluted field soils.
Lin L, Liao M, Mei L, et al. Two ecotypes of hyperaccumulators and accumulators affect cadmium accumulation in cherry seedlings by intercropping[J]. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 2014,33(4):1251-1257.
Vandermeer J. The ecology of intercropping[J]. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 1989,4(10):324-325.
[13]
鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社, 1999:30-33, 178-183.
[14]
Liu Y, Zhuang P, Li Z A, et al. Cadmium accumulation in maize monoculture and intercropping with six legume species[J]. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, 2013,63(4):376-382.
Whiting S N, Leake J R, Mcgrath S P, et al. Hyperaccumulation of Zn by Thlaspi caerulescens can ameliorate Zn toxicity in the rhizosphere of co-cropped Thlaspi arvense[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2001,35(15):3237-41.
[18]
Wang S, Wei S, Ji D, et al. Co-planting Cd contaminated field using hyperaccumulator Solanum Nigrum L. through interplant with low accumulation Welsh Onion[J]. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2015,17(9):879-884.
[19]
Wang K, Huang H, Zhu Z, et al. Phytoextraction of metals and rhizoremediation of PAHs in co-contaminated soil by co-planting of Sedum alfredii with ryegrass or castor[J]. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2013,15(3):283-298.
[20]
Wei Z B, Guo X F, Wu Q T, et al. Phytoextraction of heavy metal from contaminated soil by co-cropping with chelator application and assessment of associated leaching risk[J]. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2011,13(7):717-729.
[21]
Deram A, Denayer F O, Dubourgier H C, et al. Zinc and cadmium accumulation among and within populations of the pseudometalophytic species Arrhenatherum elatius:implications for phytoextraction[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2007,372(2/3):372-381.
[22]
Yang B, Shu W S, Ye Z H, et al. Growth and metal accumulation in vetiver and two Sesbania, species on lead/zinc mine tailings[J]. Chemosphere, 2003,52(9):1593-1600.
[23]
Wang S, Wei S, Ji D, et al. Co-planting Cd contaminated field using hyperaccumulator, Solanum nigrum L. through interplant with low accumulation welsh onion[J]. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2015,17(9):879.
[24]
Silvertown J, Charlesworth D. Introduction to plant population biology[J]. Journal of Ecology, 1993,38(1):314-322.
[25]
Sun R, Zhou Q. Heavy metal tolerance and hyperaccumulation of higher plants and their molecular mechanisms:A review[J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2005,29(3):497-504.
[26]
Tatár E, Mihucz V G, Varga A, et al. Determination of organic acids in xylem sap of cucumber:effect of lead contamination[J]. Microchemical Journal, 1998,58(3):306-314.
[27]
Liu L, Zhang Q, Hu L, et al. Legumes can increase cadmium contamination in neighboring crops[J]. Plos One, 2012,7(8):e42944.
[28]
Hu J L, Chan P T, Wu F Y, et al. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi induce differential Cd and P acquisition by Alfred stonecrop and upland Hangkong in an intercropping system[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2013,63:29-35.
