Quantitative analysis of the effective transport range of waste mobile phone recycling based on LCA
LI Jia-wen1,2, SONG Xiao-long1,3, ZHAO Di1,2
1. WEEE Research Center of Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China;
2. College of Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China;
3. Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for WEEE Recycling, Shanghai 201209, China
A life cycle method was carried out to assess the environmental impacts of waste mobilephones in both recycling process and cross-regional transport process. Based on which, this paper defined the effective transport range and quantization method of the cross-regional transport process. The environmental performance of recycling process and transport process, were analyzed by using the IMPACT2002+ approach. The paper divided the recycling process into two scenarios according to the difference of the reuse process. The results showed that the two typical recycling processes were all shown as environmental benefits; the recycled materials and reused parts were the main sources of the environment benefits; and the effective transport range of two processes were 0~3094km and 0~1248km. Meanwhile, an analysis of the key parameters was also conducted to assess the influence of transport tools and theempty return rate ofcross-regional transport processes. It was found that increasing the proportion of railway transport and reducing the empty return rate of truck transport can effectively expand the transport range.
李嘉文, 宋小龙, 赵迪. 基于LCA的废弃手机资源化有效运输范围量化研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019, 39(2): 698-705.
LI Jia-wen, SONG Xiao-long, ZHAO Di. Quantitative analysis of the effective transport range of waste mobile phone recycling based on LCA. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2019, 39(2): 698-705.
Zeng X L, Duan H B, Li J H. Examining environmental management of e-waste:China's experience and lessons[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017,72:1076-1082.
[2]
Duan H B, Hu J K, Tan Q Y, et al. Systematic characterization of generation and management of e-waste in China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2016,23(2):1929-1943.
[3]
Xu C J, Zhang W X, He W Z, et al. The situation of waste mobile phone management in developed countries and development status in China[J]. Waste Management, 2016,58:341-347.
[4]
Sarath P, Bonda S, Mohanty S, et al. Mobile phone waste management and recycling:Views and trends[J]. Waste Management, 2015,46:536-545.
[5]
Wang R X, Xu Z M. Recycling of non-metallic fractions from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE):a review[J]. Waste Management, 2014,34(8):1455-1469.
[6]
李博,杨建新,吕彬,等.中国废旧手机产生量时空分布研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2015,35(12):4095-4101. Li B, Yang J X, Lü B, et al. Temporal and spatial variations of retired mobile phones in China[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae 2015, 35(12):4095-4101.
[7]
Guo X Y, Yan K. Estimation of obsolete cellular phones generation:A case study of China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017,575:321-329.
[8]
Singh N, Duan H B, Yin F F, et al. Characterizing the materials composition and recovery potential from waste mobile phones:A comparative evaluation of cellular and smart phones[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2018,DOI:10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b02516.
[9]
Chen Y, Chen M J, Li Y G, et al. Impact of technological innovationand regulation development one-waste toxicity:A case study ofwaste mobile phones[J]. Scientific Reports, 2018,(8):7100DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-25400-0.
[10]
丁江铃,张小平,朱亚茹,等.HCl-CuCl2-NaClO湿法浸取手机元器件中的钯、金[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016,36(12):3711-3716. Ding J L, Zhang X P, Zhu Y R, et al. Extraction of Pd, Au from phone components in HCl-CuCl2-NaClO solutions[J]. China Environmental Science, 2016,36(12):3711-3716.
[11]
杨彦.电子废弃物拆解场多氯联苯含量及健康风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2012,32(4):727-735. Yang Y.Concentration and health risk assessment of PCBs in E-waste dismantling field[J]. China Environmental Science, 2012,32(4):727-735.
[12]
于可利,邱金凤,张艳会.我国废旧手机回收行业现状、挑战及对策[J]. 资源再生, 2016,(9):42-45. Yu K L, Qiu J F, Zhang Y H. The status, challenges and strategies of China's waste mobile phone recycling industry[J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2016,(9):42-45.
[13]
Gu Y F, Wu Y F, Xu M, et al. The stability and profitability of the informal WEEE collector in developing countries:A case study of China[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2016,107:18-26.
[14]
Tan Q Y, Dong Q Y, Liu L L, et al. Potential recycling availability and capacity assessment on typical metals in waste mobile phones:A current research study in China[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017,148:509-517.
[15]
Yin J F, Gao Y N, Xu H. Survey and analysis of consumers' behaviour of waste mobile phone recycling in China[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2014,65:517-525.
[16]
Tong X, Wang T, Chen Y G, et al. Towards an inclusive circular economy:Quantifying the spatial flows of e-waste through the informal sector in China[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2018,135:163-171.
[17]
程桂石,李金惠,刘丽丽.电子废物资源化循环转化过程与代谢规律研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2010,30(5):658-665. Cheng G S, Li J H, Liu L L. Recycling process and metabolic rule of electronic waste[J]. China Environmental Science, 2010,30(5):658-665.
[18]
谭全银,梁扬扬,董庆银,等.废弃办公设备关键部件处理环境影响研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(7):2646-2655. Tan Q Y, Liang Y Y, Dong Q Y, et al. Study on the environmental impact of waste office equipment critical component treatment[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017,37(7):2646-2655.
[19]
Menikpura S N M, Santo A, Hotta Y. Assessing the climate co-benefits from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) recycling in Japan[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2014,74:183-190.
[20]
Johansson J G, Björklund A E. Reducing life cycle environmental impacts of waste electrical and electronic equipment recycling[J]. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2010,14(2):258-269.
[21]
Song Q, Wang Z, Li J, et al. Life cycle assessment of TV sets in China:a case study of the impacts of CRT monitors[J]. Waste Management, 2012,32(10):1926-36.
[22]
Baxter J, Lyng K A, Askham C, et al. High-quality collection and disposal of WEEE:Environmental impacts and resultant issues[J]. Waste Management, 2016,57:17-26.
[23]
宋小龙,李博,吕彬,等.废弃手机回收处理系统生命周期能耗与碳足迹分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(6):2393-2400. Song X L, Li B, Lü B, et al. Life cycle energy use and carbon footprint of waste mobile phone treatment system[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017,37(6):2393-2400.
[24]
Yu J L, Williams E, Ju M T. Analysis of material and energy consumption of mobile phones in China[J]. Energy Policy, 2010, 38(8):4135-4141.
[25]
Barba-Gutiérrez Y, Adenso-Díaz B, Hopp M. An analysis of some environmental consequences of European electrical and electronic waste regulation[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2008, 52(3):481-495.
[26]
Gamberini R, Gebennini E, Manzini R, et al. On the integration of planning and environmental impact assessment for a WEEE transportation network-A case study[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2010,54(11):937-951.
[27]
宋小龙.工业固体废物生命周期管理过程解析与优化方法[D]. 中国科学院大学, 2013. Song X L. Life cycle management of industrial solid waste:identification and optimization of processes[D]. Chinese Academy of Sciences University, 2013.
[28]
姜睿,王洪涛,张浩,等.中国水泥生产工艺的生命周期对比分析及建议[J]. 环境科学学报, 2010,(11):2361-2368. Jiang R, Wang H T, Zhang H, et al. Life cycle assessment of cement technologies in China and recommendations[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2010,(11):2361-2368.
[29]
Göswein V, Gonçalves A B, Silvestre J D, et al. Transportation matters -Does it? GIS-based comparative environmental assessment of concrete mixes with cement, fly ash, natural and recycled aggregates[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2018,137:1-10.
[30]
Fullana i Palmer P, Puig R, Bala A, et al. From life cycle assessment to life cycle management:A case study on industrial waste management policy making[J]. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2011,15(3):458-475.
[31]
UNEP. Jolliet O, Brant A, Coedkoop M, et al. LCIA Definition study of the SETAC-UNEP Life Cycle Initiative[EB/OL]. http://www. uneptie.org/pc/sustain/lcinitiative, 2003.
[32]
葛振香.基于LCA的山东省造纸业可持续发展研究[D]. 山东:山东师范大学, 2017. Ge Z X. Research on sustainable development of Shandong paper industry based on LCA[D]. Shandong:Shandong Normal University, 2017.
[33]
Jolliet O, Margni M, Charles R, et al. IMPACT 2002+ A new life cycle impact assessment methodology[J]. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2003,10(6):325-330.
[34]
Jolliet O, Müller-Wenk R, Bare J, et al. The LCIA midpoint-damage framework of the UNEP/SETAC life cycle initiative[J]. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2004,9(6):394-404.
[35]
Scharnhorst W, Althaus H J, Classen M, et al. The end of life treatment of second generation mobile phone networks:Strategies to reduce the environmental impact[J]. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 2005,25(5):540-566.
[36]
马丽萍,王志宏,龚先政,等.城市道路两种货车运输的生命周期清单分析[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社, 2006. Ma L P, Wang Z H, Gong X Z, et al. Life cycle inventory analysis of two types of freighe transport on city roads[J]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press, 2006.
[37]
Spielmann M, Scholz R. Life Cycle Inventories of transport services:Background data for freight transport[J]. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2005,10(1):85-94.
