The acute and subacute response of sliver carp and tilapia to microcystin
SHEN Qiang1, LIU Yong-ding2, LI Dun-hai2, LI Si-xin1
1. Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430079, China;
2. Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
In order to study adaptative mechanisms of sliver carp and tilapia on harmful algal blooms and provide scientific methods of fish species selection in biological manipulation, systematic research was conducted on bioaccumulation, degradation of microcystin and the differences in resistance and detoxification mechanisms on sliver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). In toxic Microcystis feeding experiment, the daily intake of microcystin by sliver carp and tilapia was up to 10mg/kg body weight. Both fishes show strong resistance to MC. Microcystin concentrations in feces of sliver carp and tilapia after Microcystis intake were significantly decreased to 71.5% and 6.0% respectively (P<0.05). The degradation ability of tilapia to toxic Microcystis and microcystin is much higher than silver carp. The hepatosomatic index of sliver carp and tilapia was significantly decreased from (1.19±0.21)% and (2.24±0.19)% to (0.79±0.06)% and (1.72±0.07)% respectively (P<0.05). Bioaccumulations of MC of the two species were (1.57±0.31) and (10.81±6.52)μg/kg (fresh weight) in the muscle, (4.28±1.64) and (2.48±0.15)mg/kg (fresh weight) in the liver. There were significant differences between MC accumulation in the muscle and liver of each species (P<0.05). Microcystin concentration in the muscle of tilapia was 6.9 times higher than that of silver carp. During the toxic experiment, LD50 of microcystin-LR was 270µg/kg on sliver carp and 790µg/kg on tilapia, which suggested microcystin tolerance of tilapia is stronger than that of sliver carp. Enormous lipid droplets were observed in the liver cell of the two species whether fed with Microcystis or intraperitoneally injected with microcystin. After intraperitoneal injection with microcystin-LR, the content of GSH in the two species showed a significant decrease in 6h and then increased gradually. Significant difference of GSH content was found between the two species (P<0.05). The results showed that the degradation ability of tilapia to microcystin is much higher than silver carp. Silver carp mainly feeds on the mucilage sheath and adhesion bacteria of colonial Microcystis with small amount of intracellular microcystin released. This mechanism can effectively protect silver carp fed with Microcystis to less damage. The digestive enzymes in tilapia have strong digestion and degradation ability to Microcystis and microcystin, and the high level of GSH content and related enzyme activity ensure efficient detoxification of toxins in vivo. From the view of food safety, compared with tilapia, silver carp is the species which is more suitable and to be widely used for cyanobacteria bloom control.
沈强, 刘永定, 李敦海, 李嗣新. 白鲢罗非鱼对微囊藻毒素急性、亚急性毒性响应[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019, 39(6): 2633-2643.
SHEN Qiang, LIU Yong-ding, LI Dun-hai, LI Si-xin. The acute and subacute response of sliver carp and tilapia to microcystin. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2019, 39(6): 2633-2643.
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