The species and spatial distribution characteristics of atmospheric particulate mercury in Wuda-Wusitai Industrial Park, China
CAO Qing-yi1,2, QIAN Ya-hui1,2, LIANG Han-dong1,2, WANG Zhe1
1. College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
The Hg speciation in atmospheric particulates is an important issue to be elucidated in the field of atmospheric Hg. Carbon analytic (OC/EC), ion chromatography (IC), temperature-programmed desorption analysis (TPD), imaging analysis methods were used to analyze the specific existence and spatial distribution of Hg in PM2.5 at Wuda-Wusitai industrial park, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that the correlation coefficients(r) between Hg content and organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), Cl- and NO3- content in PM2.5 were < 0.1, < 0.1, 0.854 and 0.745, respectively. Hg in the atmospheric particulates mainly existed in the forms of HgCl2, HgS, HgO and Hg (NO3)2·H2O. The particulate Hg content was more concentrated in the high Hg0 concentration, high chlorine and high acid (nitric acid) regions. The results indicated that industrial activities such as chlorine and acid discharge might play an important role in the enrichment of mercury in atmospheric particulates.
曹庆一, 钱雅慧, 梁汉东, 王哲. 乌达-乌斯太工业园大气颗粒物中汞的形态及空间分布特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019, 39(12): 4989-4998.
CAO Qing-yi, QIAN Ya-hui, LIANG Han-dong, WANG Zhe. The species and spatial distribution characteristics of atmospheric particulate mercury in Wuda-Wusitai Industrial Park, China. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2019, 39(12): 4989-4998.
冯新斌,仇广乐,付学吾,等.环境汞污染[J]. 化学进展, 2009,21(Z1):436-457. Feng X B, Chou G L, Fu X W, et al. Environmental mercury pollution[J]. Chemical Progress, 2009,21(Z1):436-457.
[2]
Kudo A, Fujikawa Y, Miyahara S, et al. Lessons from Minamata mercury pollution, Japan-after a continuous 22 years of observation[J]. Water Science and Technology, 1998,38(7):187-193.
[3]
Harada M. The global lessons of Minamata disease:an introduction to Minamata studies[M]. Scotland:Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2005:299-335.
[4]
曹庆一,梁汉东,陈洋,等.中国乌达煤炭基地地表土汞分布特征[J]. 矿业科学学报, 2018,3(4):315-322. Cao Q Y, Liang H D, Chen Y, et al. Distribution of mercury content in topsoil of coal base, Wuda, China[J]. Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2018,3(4):315-322.
[5]
冯新斌,陈玖斌,付学吾,等.汞的环境地球化学研究进展[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2013,32(5):503-530. Feng X B, Chen J B, Fu X W, et al. Progresses on environmental geochemistry of mercury[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 2013,32(5):503-530.
[6]
Jerome O. Nriagu. Vanadium in the environment, Part1:Chemistry and Biochemistry[M]. Canada:Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1998.
[7]
陈明.大气颗粒物中重金属形态特征分析[J]. 环境与发展, 2018,30(9):162-163. Chen M. Morphological analysis of heavy metals in atmospheric particulate matter[J]. Environment and development, 2008,30(9):162-163.
[8]
仇豪.贵州典型燃煤电厂周边不同粒径大气颗粒物中汞形态的时空分布特征[D]. 贵阳:贵州大学, 2018. Qiu H. Study on temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of mercury species in different particle-sizes particulate matters around a typical coal-fired power plants in Guizhou province[D]. Guiyang:Guizhou university, 2018.
[9]
刘伟,王章玮,谭大鹏,等.宁波市大气中汞的形态与沉降研究[J]. 环境影响评价, 2017,39(2):90-96. Liu W, Wang Z W, Tan D P, et al. Study on the speciation and deposition of mercury in the atmosphere of Ningbo City[J]. Environmental Impact Assessment, 2017,39(2):90-96.
[10]
程娜,钱冠磊,段炼,等.嵊泗地区大气PM2.5中汞形态污染及其与碳组分的关系[J]. 环境科学, 2017,38(2):438-444. Cheng N, Qian G L, Duan L, et al. Correlation of speciated mercury with carbonaceous components in atmospheric PM2.5 in Shengsi Region[J]. Environmental Science, 2017,38(2):438-444.
[11]
修光利,张艳艳,蔡姬,等.大气颗粒物中汞的赋存形态及其依存条件[J]. 环境科学研究, 2013,26(8):807-813. Xiu G L, Zhang Y Y, Cai J, et al. Mercury species in atmospheric particles and their dependent conditions[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2013,26(8):807-813.
[12]
王哲,董树屏,梁汉东,等.内蒙古乌达-乌斯太工业园环境单颗粒研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018,38(2):478-489. Wang Z, Dong S P, Liang H D, et al. Study on environmental individual particles in Wuda-Wusitai Industrial Park, Inner Mongolia[J]. China Environmental Science, 2008,38(2):478-489.
[13]
张建民,管海晏,曹代勇,等.中国地下煤火研究与治理[M]. 北京:煤炭工业出版社, 2008. Zhang J M, Guan H Y, Cao D Y, et al. Research and treatment of underground coal fire in China[M]. Beijing:coal industry press, 2008.
[14]
神华(北京)遥感勘察有限责任公司.中国北方地区煤火探测灭火与监测新方法研究[R]. 北京:神华(北京)遥感勘察有限责任公司, 2006:5-14. Shenhua (Beijing) remote sensing survey co., LTD. Research on new methods of coal fire detection and extinguishing and monitoring in northern China[R]. Beijing:shenhua (Beijing) remote sensing survey co., LTD., 2006:5-14.
[15]
Liang Y, Liang H, Zhu S. Mercury emission from coal seam fire at Wuda, Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2014,83:176-184.
[16]
Jaffe D, Prestbo E, Swartzendruber P, et al. Export of atmospheric mercury from Asia[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2005,39(17):3029-3038.
[17]
李春辉,梁汉东,陈洋,等.中国乌达煤炭基地尘土汞分布特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(6):2203-2210. Li C H, Liang H D, Chen Y, et al. Distribution of mercury content in dusts of coal base, Wuda, China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017,37(6):2203-2210.
[18]
王书肖,张磊,吴清茹,等.中国大气汞排放特征、环境影响及控制途径[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2016. Wang S X, Zhang L, Wu Q R, et al. Emission characteristics and environmental impacts of atmospheric mercury in China and control approaches[M]. Beijing:science press, 2016.
[19]
申永,刘建国,陆钒,等.大气有机碳和元素碳测量热光透射法和热光反射法对比研究[J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 2011,6(6):450-456. Shen Y, Liu J G, Lu F, et al. Comparison of thermal-optical transmission and thermal-optical reflectance methods of measurement of organic and elemental carbon in atmospheric aerosol[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2011,6(6):450-456.
[20]
Liang Y C, Zhu S Q, Liang H D. Mercury enrichment in coal fire sponge in Wuda coalfield, Inner Mongolia of China. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2018,192:51-55.
[21]
Li C H, Liang H D, Chen Y, et al. Distribution of surface soil mercury of Wuda old mining area, Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 2018,24(5):1421-1439.
[22]
Hong X P, Liang H D, Lv S, et al. Mercury emissions from dynamic monitoring holes of underground coal fire in Wuda coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2017,181:78-86.
[23]
Li C H, Liang H D, Liang M, et al. Soil surface Hg emission flux in coalfield in Wuda, Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018,25:16652-16663.
[24]
晏海峰.淮南市大气颗粒物中汞的分布及其污染特征研究[D]. 淮南:安徽理工大学, 2009. Yan H F. The study on mercury pollution distribution andcharacter of atmospheric particulates in Huainan city[D]. Huainan:Anhui university of science and technology, 2009.
[25]
方凤满,王起超,李东侠,等.长春市大气颗粒汞及其干沉降通量[J]. 环境科学, 2001,22(2):60-63. Fang F M, Wang Q C, Li D X, et al. Atmospheric particulate mercury concentration in Changchun City and its dry deposition flux[J]. Environmental Science, 2001,22(2):60-63.
[26]
王章玮,张晓山,张逸,等.汞在不同粒径大气颗粒物中的分布[J]. 环境化学, 2005,24(1):72-75. Wang Z W, Zhang X S, Zhang Y, et al. Particle size distributions of atmospheric mercury in Beijing[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2005, 24(1):72-75.
[27]
黄永健.大气气溶胶汞污染研究[D]. 成都:成都理工大学, 2002. Huang Y J. The study of Particulate mercury pollution in the atmospheric aerosols[D]. Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology, 2002.
[28]
吴莉萍,赵大为,张晓山,等.重庆市两个区域冬春季颗粒汞污染特征研究[J]. 微量元素与健康研究, 2006,23(2):38-41. Wu L P, Zhao D W, Zhang X S, et al. Character of particulate mercury at two districts in winter and spring in Chongqing[J]. Studies of Trace Elements and Health, 2006,23(2):38-41.
[29]
修光利,施双燕,张大年.大气微小颗粒物中汞的污染特性初步研究[J]. 上海环境科学, 2003,22(5):310-316. Xiu G L, Shi S Y, Zhang D N. Preliminary study on characteristics of particulate mercury in fine particles in ambient air[J]. Shanghai environmental science, 2003,22(5):310-316.
[30]
Fang G C, Liu C K. Ambient suspended particulate matter and ionic peciation in Asian countries during 1998~2007[J]. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 2010,26(9):589-600.
[31]
Anttila T, Kiendler-Scharr A, Tillmann R, et al. On the reactive uptake of gaseous compounds by organic-coated aqueous aerosols:theoretical analysis and application to the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N205[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part A:2006,110(35):10435-10443.
[32]
Pathak R K, Wu W S, Wang T. Summertime PM2.5 ionic species in four major cities of China:nitrate formation in an ammonia-deficient atmosphere[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2009,9(5):1711-1722.
[33]
Zhang R, Jing J, Tao J, et al. Chemical characterization and source apportionment of PM2.5 in Beijing:seasonal perspective[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2013,13(14):7053-7074.
[34]
Yao X H, Chan C K, Fang M, et al. The water-soluble ionic composition of PM2.5 in Shanghai and Beijing, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2002,36(26):4223-4234.
[35]
吕婧.煤中汞释放特性和赋存形态研究[D]. 北京:华北电力大学(北京), 2017. Lü J. Research on mercury release behavior andspeciation identification of coals[D]. Beijing:North China Electric Power University (Beijing), 2017.
[36]
Lopez-Anton M A, Perry R, Abad-Valle P, et al. Speciation of mercury in fly ashes by temperature programmed decomposition[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2011,92(3):707-711.
[37]
Liu X, Wang S, Zhang L, et al. Speciation of mercury in FGD gypsum and mercury emission during the wallboard production in China[J]. Fuel, 2013,111:621-627.
[38]
Meng Y, Wang S X. Study on mercury re-emissions during fly ash utilization[J]. Environment Science, 2012,33(9):2993-2999.
[39]
GB3095-2012环境空气质量标准[S]. GB3095-2012 Environmental air quality standard[S].
[40]
Lü Dong, Chen Y, Zhu T L, et al. The pollution characteristics of PM10 and PM2.5 during summer and winter in Beijing, Suning and Islamabad[J]. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 2019,4(10):1159-1164.
[41]
Duan J C, Tan J H, Cheng D X, et al. Sources and characteristics of carbonaceous aerosol in two largest cities in Pearl River Delta Region, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2007,41(14):2895-2903.
[42]
Lindberg S, Bullock R, Ebinghaus R, et al. A synthesis of progress and uncertainties in attributing the sources of mercury in deposition[J]. AMBIO:A Journal of the Human Environment, 2007,36(1):19-33.
[43]
Liu S, Nadim F, Perkins C, et al. Atmospheric mercury monitoring survey in Beijing, China[J]. Chemosphere, 2002,48(1):97-107.
[44]
Wang Z, Chen Z, Duan N, et al. Gaseous elemental Mercury concentration in atmosphere at urban and remote sites in China[J]. Journal of Environment Science, 2007,19(2):176-180.
[45]
王平安,张成,王春晓,等.重庆市北碚区大气汞时空变异研究[J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2007,29(3):125-129. Wang P A, Zhang C, Wang C X, et al. Research of spratial-temporal variation of atmospheric mercury in Beibei distric of Chongqing[J]. Journal of Southwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2007,29(3):125-129.
[46]
Fu X, Feng X, Qiu G, et al. Speciated atmospheric mercury and its potential source in Guiyang, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2011,45(25):4205-4212.
[47]
夏吉成,胡平,王建旭,等.贵州省铜仁汞矿区汞污染特征研究[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2016,11(1):231-238. Xia J C, Hu P, Wang J X, et al. Mercury pollution characteristics in Tongren Mercury Mining Area,Guizhou Province,China[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2016,11(1):231-238.
