Accelerated pre-treatment method for amphetamine-type substances in water environment
DING Xu1, MAO Kang2, BAI Ya2, ZHANG Wei1
1. School of Environment, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China;
2. School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Based on previous studies, we developed a method for rapid pre-treatment of water samples for three typical psychoactive substances (methamphetamine, amphetamine and ephedrine) under field conditions. The effects of the method parameters (pH and loading flow rate) on the recovery rate of the target substances were compared. The optimal parameters for the accelerated pre-treatment were using Oasis HLB, and the samples were loaded at a flow rate of 20mL/min under alkaline condition. Compared with the traditional method, the concentrations of the target substances measured using the accelerated pre-treatment method were slightly lower, but it still reflected the concentration level and variation characteristics of the target substances in domestic sewage. The field verifications in Beijing and Guangdong showed that the performance of this method was stable for both surface water and wastewater samples.
丁旭, 毛康, 白雅, 张巍. 水环境中苯丙胺类物质的快速前处理方法[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020, 40(2): 681-687.
DING Xu, MAO Kang, BAI Ya, ZHANG Wei. Accelerated pre-treatment method for amphetamine-type substances in water environment. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2020, 40(2): 681-687.
Daughton C G, Ternes T A. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment:agents of subtle change[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 1999,107(6):907-938.
[2]
刘娜,金小伟,薛荔栋,等.太湖流域药物和个人护理品污染调查与生态风险评估[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(9):3515-3522. Liu N, Jin X W, Xue L D, et al. Concentrations distribution and ecological risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Taihu Lake[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017, 37(9):3515-3522.
[3]
余绵梓,袁啸,李适宇,等.典型PPCPs在河流沉积物中的吸附特性[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019,39(4):1724-1733. Yu M Z, Yuan X, Li S Y, et al. Experimental and modeling study of sorption characteristics of selected PPCPs onto river sediments[J]. China Environmental Science, 2019,39(4):1724-1733.
[4]
梅雪冰,隋倩,张紫薇,等.不同特征污染源中指示性药物和个人护理品识别与筛选[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019,39(3):1173-1180. Mei X B, Sui Q, Zhang Z W, et al. Identification of indicator pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in different emission sources[J]. China Environmental Science, 2019,39(3):1173-1180.
[5]
Gracia-Lor E, Castiglioni S, Bade R, et al. Measuring biomarkers in wastewater as a new source of epidemiological information:Current state and future perspectives[J]. Environment International, 2017,99:131-150.
[6]
王丹,隋倩,吕树光,等.黄浦江流域典型药物和个人护理品的含量及分布特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2014,34(7):1897-1904. Wang D, Sui Q, Lv SG, et al. Concentrations and distribution of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Huangpu River[J]. China Environmental Science, 2014,34(7):1897-1904.
[7]
Mendoza A, Zonja B, Mastroianni N, et al. Drugs of abuse, cytostatic drugs and iodinated contrast media in tap water from the Madrid region (central Spain):A case study to analyse their occurrence and human health risk characterization[J]. Environment International, 2015,86:107-118.
[8]
Daughton C G. Emerging pollutants, and communicating the science of environmental chemistry and mass spectrometry:pharmaceuticals in the environment[J]. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 2001,12:1067-1076.
[9]
Zuccato E, Chiabrando C, Castiglioni S, et al. Cocaine in surface waters:a new evidence-based tool to monitor community drug abuse[J]. Environmental Health, 2005,4(1):1-7.
[10]
Van Nuijs A L N V, Castiglioni S, Tarcomnicu I, et al. Illicit drug consumption estimations derived from wastewater analysis:A critical review[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2011,409(19):3564.
[11]
Klupczynska A, Dereziński P, Krysztofiak J, et al. Estimation of drug abuse in 9Polish cities by wastewater analysis[J]. Forensic Science International, 2016,260:14-21.
[12]
Du P, Li K, Li J, et al. Methamphetamine and ketamine use in major Chinese cities, a nationwide reconnaissance through sewage-based epidemiology[J]. Water Research, 2015,84:76-84.
[13]
侯琳琳,李素娟,李喜青,等.环境中违禁药物的污水流行病学研究进展[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2017,(10):106-110. Hou LL, Li SJ, Li XQ, et al. Review on Sewage Epidemiology of Illicit Drugs[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017,(10):106-110.
[14]
曹徐齐,隋倩,吕树光,等.垃圾填埋场渗滤液中药物和个人护理品的存在与去除[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016,36(7):2027-2034. Cao X Q, Sui Q, Lv S G, et al. Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in leachates from a landfill site of municipal solid waste[J]. China Environmental Science, 2016, 36(7):2027-2034.
[15]
黄德亮,何江涛,杨蕾,等.某市再生水灌区水土环境中PPCPs污染特征分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016,36(9):2614-2623. Huang D L, He J T, Yang L, et al. Distribution characteristics of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water and soil environment in reclaimed water irrigation area of a city[J]. China Environmental Science, 2016,36(9):2614-2623.
[16]
高婷婷,杜鹏,徐泽琼,等.污水中常见违禁药物分析方法优化及验证[J]. 环境科学, 2017,38(1):201-211. Gao T T, Du P, Xu Z Q, et al. Optimization and validation of the analytical method to detect common illicit drugs in wastewater[J]. Environmental Science, 2017,38(1):201-211.
[17]
陈培培,杜鹏,周子雷,等.污水中新精神活性物质的分析方法优化及验证[J]. 环境科学, 2018,39(8):3736-3743. Chen P P, Du P, Zhou Z L, et al. Optimization and validation of the analytical method to detect new psychoactive substances in wastewater[J]. Environmental Science, 2018,39(8):3736-3743.
[18]
Li J, Hou L, Du P, et al. Estimation of amphetamine and methamphetamine uses in Beijing through sewage-based analysis[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014,490:724-732.
[19]
Zhang Y, Zhang T, Guo C, et al. Drugs of abuse and their metabolites in the urban rivers of Beijing, China:Occurrence, distribution, and potential environmental risk[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017,579:305-313.
[20]
刘春叶,王喆,冯佳铭,等.污水流行病学调查辽宁和吉林两省甲基苯丙胺滥用量和流行率[J]. 环境化学, 2018,37(8):88-94. Liu C Y, Wang Z, Feng J M, et al. Methamphetamine consumption and prevalence in Liaoning and Jilin Provinces investigated by sewage epidemiology[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2018,37(8):88-94.
[21]
Wang D G, Zheng Q D, Wang X P, et al. Illicit drugs and their metabolites in 36rivers that drain into the Bohai Sea and north Yellow Sea, north China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016,23(16):16495-16503.
[22]
Huerta-Fontela M, Galceran M T, Martin-Alonso J, et al. Occurrence of psychoactive stimulatory drugs in wastewaters in north-eastern Spain[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2008,397(1):31-40.
[23]
Irvine R J, Kostakis C, Felgate P D, et al. Population drug use in Australia:a wastewater analysis[J]. Forensic Science International, 2011,210(1-3):69.
[24]
Chiaia A C, Banta-green C, Field J. Eliminating solid phase extraction with large-volume injection lc/ms/ms:analysis of illicit and legal drugs and human urine indicators in us wastewaters[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008,42(23):8841-8848.
[25]
Pal R, Megharaj M, Kirkbride K P, et al. Illicit drugs and the environment-a review[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2013, 464(5):1079-1092.
[26]
Li K, Du P, Xu Z, et al. Occurrence of illicit drugs in surface waters in China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2016,213:395-402.
[27]
Burgard D A, Fuller R, Becker B, et al. Potential trends in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) drug use on a college campus:wastewater analysis of amphetamine and ritalinic acid[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2013,450:242-249.
