Sulfidated-nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-NZVI) was prepared by pre-sulfide synthesis and characterized. The S-NZVI reaction zone was established in sand columns to study the remediation efficiency of nitrobenzene contaminated groundwater. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization tests showed that ferrous sulfide coating on the surface of Fe(0), which could inhibit the aggregation of S-NZVI particles, thus showed better dispersibility. Compared with NZVI, S-NZVI has higher degradation efficiency for NB, and the highest degradation efficiency was 99.65%. The degradation process of NB by S-NZVI conformed pseudo-first-order kinetics. It has stronger penetrating ability in sand column. The removal mechanism of S-NZVI on NB was that NB was quickly adsorbed on the surface and then further degraded by chemical reduction, so NB removal was faster and aniline formatioon was slower. The S-NZVI reaction zone had a large reduction of NB in the leakage zone. Increasing the single-well S-NZVI injection volume and adding injection well both improved the remediation efficiency. The cumulative removal efficiency of NB in the 7days was up to 87.43%, but the NB concentration in the first 2d was still high. The S-NZVI reaction zone showed better remediation effect in the transmission zone. Adding injection well showed better persistence and NB removal rate than increasing S-NZVI injection volume in the single well, and the cumulative removal efficiency of NB in the 7days was up to 99.90%.
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