Real-time emission of volatile organic compounds from cow dung combustion
ZHANG Ying1, KONG Shao-fei1, ZHENG Huang2, YAO Li-quan2, SHENG Jiu-jiang3, ZHAO De-long3, DING De-ping3, CHENG Yi1, YAN Qin2, WU Jian2, NIU Zhen-zhen1, ZENG Xin2, LIU Xi2, QIN Si2, ZHENG Shu-rui2, WU Fang-qi1, QI Shi-hua2
1. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China;
2. Department of Environmental Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China;
3. Beijing Weather Modification Office, Beijing 100089, China
The burning for two kinds of cow dung from Qinghai and Tibet in domestic stove was simulated at a laboratory. The real-time emission concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from their burning were obtained by a dilution sampling system and a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS). The consumed amounts of cow dung during combustion processes were recorded using an electronic balance. The real-time emission factors were calculated. Results showed that the combustion processes of 70g cow dung lasted for 1100~1500 seconds. The time series of VOCs concentrations from cow dung burning mostly showed a single peak distribution. Total VOCs concentrations for the cow dung burning from Tibet peaked at 450s with a concentration of 7.92×10-6. The total VOCs concentrations for the cow dung burning from Qinghai peaked at 400s with a concentration of 6.01×10-6. The real-time emission factors of VOCs emitted from cow dung burning ranged in 40.74~156.88mg/g. The variation trends of the emission factors for VOCs were different from those of VOCs concentrations, and they exhibited increasing trend along with the combustion process. The lowest emission factors of VOCs were found at 3~4 minutes after the cow dung burning. For the burning of cow dung from Tibet, methanol, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde accounted for the largest proportion of total VOCs emissions, as 24%±1.9%, 11.9%±1.8% and 27.4%±1.4%, respectively. For the burning of cow dung from Qinghai, the corresponding mass percentages were 22.0%±1.1%, 13.3%±2.9% and 17.7%±4.6%, respectively. This study firstly gives the real-time emission factors of VOCs from cow dung burning, which can provide basic data for the establishment of emission inventory with high time resolution and also helpful for researches on human health effects as the exposure to domestic fuels burning in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region.
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