青岛冬季霾-沙尘重污染过程PM<sub>1</sub>理化特征及来源分析

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摘要对2018年11月21日~12月2日期间青岛市大气PM₁的质量浓度、化学组分和数浓度进行连续观测，结合国控站点监测数据和气象条件，分析青岛市秋末冬初一次典型霾-沙尘重污染过程的特征及污染物来源.结果表明：本次污染过程可分为霾前（11月21~23日）、霾期（11月24~25日）、霾-沙尘叠加期（11月26日）、沙尘期（11月27~29日）、沙尘后（11月30日~12月2日）5个发展阶段，观测期间PM₁质量浓度为（40±20）μg/m³，霾期PM₁为沙尘期的2.03倍.冷锋锋前以人为污染物气团为主，锋后以冷干沙尘气团为主，并在长距离传输中保持干燥，受沙尘传输过程中经过区域的影响较小，导致沙尘阶段PM_2.5和PM₁₀错峰12h出现.霾期PM₁中SO₄^2-、NO₃^-质量浓度比霾前分别升高73%、111%，SOR、NOR分别升高28%、67%，表明霾期NO₃^-的二次转化明显升高.PM₁中NH₄⁺主要以（NH₄）₂SO₄和NH₄NO₃形式存在，为富氨条件.本次沙尘事件气团传输过程中途经山西、河北、山东西北部等污染物高强度排放区域，前锋到达青岛时，携带的人为污染物占主导，导致沙尘期PM₁中OC、EC占比为霾期的1.73、1.53倍.霾期SOC/OC值为0.43，略低于沙尘期，表明霾期SOC生成受到抑制.

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	彭倩倩
	刘晓环
	杜金花
	刘子杨
	韩枝燏
	王征
	薛莲
	刘翔
	孙英杰
	张宜升

关键词 ：霾-沙尘过程, 污染特征, 水溶性离子, PM₁, 青岛

Abstract：During an episode of winter haze-dust pollution event in Qingdao from November 21 to December 2 in 2018, we continuously measured the mass concentration, chemical composition and number concentration of PM₁, in combination with the routine monitoring data from a national ambient air quality station, to study pollutant characteristics, source attribution for this typical winter air pollution event. The results showed that the whole event could be divided into five stages: pre-haze (November 21 to 23), haze period (November 24 to 25), haze-dust mixing period (November 26), dust period (November 27 to 29), and post-dust period (November 30 to December 2). During the pollution, the mean mass concentration of PM₁ was (40±20)μg/m³, and PM₁ in the haze period was 2.03 times higher than that of the dust period. In the post-front, the dust air kept the air dry and was mainly dominated by cold dry dust particles, which were less affected by accumulated anthropogenic pollutants from the areas it passed through during the long distance transmission. During the pre-front, the air was mainly dominated by polluted air masses from regions with intense anthropogenic emissions, resulting in more than 12 hours delays between the peaks of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in the dust period. The mass concentrations of SO₄^2- and NO₃^- in PM₁during the haze period increased by 73% and 111% than those of the pre-haze, respectively. SOR and NOR during the haze period increased by 28% and 67% than those of the pre-haze, indicating that the secondary formation of NO₃^- increased significantly during the haze period. NH₄⁺ in PM₁ mainly existed in the form of (NH₄)₂SO₄ and NH₄NO₃, when inorganic ions were sufficiently neutralized by ammonium. Before reaching Qingdao, air masses passed over of the regions with intense anthropogenic emissions, such as Shanxi, Hebei and northwest of Shandong. Thus, when the pre-front arrived, these anthropogenic pollutants leaded to 1.73 and 1.53 times increase of OC and EC masses in PM₁ during the dust period than in the haze period. The mass proportion of SOC in total OC in the haze period was 0.43 lower than that that in the dust period (0.48). This indicated that the SOC formation during the haze period had been suppressed.

Key words： haze-dust process pollution characteristics water soluble ions PM₁ Qingdao

收稿日期: 2020-01-15

PACS:

X513

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目（41405114）；山东省环境科学与工程一流学科开放课题（QUTSEME201911）

通讯作者: 张宜升,副教授,doctorzys@163.com E-mail: doctorzys@163.com

作者简介: 彭倩倩(1995-),女,山东济南人,青岛理工大学硕士研究生,主要从事大气颗粒物理化特征及来源解析研究.

引用本文:

彭倩倩, 刘晓环, 杜金花, 刘子杨, 韩枝燏, 王征, 薛莲, 刘翔, 孙英杰, 张宜升. 青岛冬季霾-沙尘重污染过程PM₁理化特征及来源分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020, 40(9): 3731-3740. PENG Qian-qian, LIU Xiao-huan, DU Jin-hua, LIU Zi-yang, HAN Zhi-yu, WANG Zheng, XUE Lian, LIU Xiang, SUN Ying-jie, ZHANG Yi-sheng. Physicochemical characteristics and source analysis of PM₁ during winter haze-dust pollution event in Qingdao. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2020, 40(9): 3731-3740.

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