Abstract：To address the effects of sepiolite, biochar and organic fertilizer on Cd immobilization in soil and Cd accumulation in Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.), both column and pot experiments were conducted onto two Cd contaminated farmland soils (SC and HN) under both pure water and simulated acid rain leaching for one year. The results indicated that simulated acid rain led to the decrease in pH and increase in electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and Cd concentration in leaching solution, compared to water leaching. The Cd contents in acid leaching solution of SC and HN soil increased by 48.85%~77.16% and 50.92%~73.44%, respectively. Moreover, simulated acid rain reduced soil organic carbon (SOC) in both soils, increased the fractions of soil CaCl2-Cd and TCLP-Cd, and promoted the transformation of Cd from residue to acid-soluble in both soils. The mean concentrations of residue Cd in SC and HN soils decreased by 3.61% and 2.81%, respectively. Regardless of water leaching or acid rain leaching, significant decrease on the fractions of CaCl2-Cd and TCLP-Cd were observed on both tested soils by applying sepiolite and biochar (P<0.05), while only significant decrease on the available Cd fraction was obtained by applying the organic fertilizer on HN soil. Compared to water leaching, simulated acid rain inhibited the growth of Chinese cabbage and enhanced the accumulation of Cd in it. Compared to the control treatment (P<0.05), the yields of Chinese cabbage in SC and HN soils increased significantly with the treatments of sepiolite and biochar. The mean Cd concentrations in edible parts of Chinese cabbage grew in SC and HN soils decreased by 58.85% and 43.08%, respectively. The contents of Cd in edible parts of Chinese cabbage treated with sepiolite and biochar in SC soil met the Food Quality Standard of China (GB2762-2017) (Cd≤0.2mg/kg), and Cd content met the safety food standard with the application of sepiolite in HN soil. This study demonstrated that acid rain leaching can reduce the immobilization effect of passivating agent on Cd. The influence of acid rain should be considered into in situ remediation of Cd contaminated soil, and suitable passivating agent should be selected according to the properties of contaminated soil.
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