Ecotoxicological effects of 50 kinds of fragrance materials on Microcystis aeruginosa
ZHANG Xue-wei1,2, KAI Zhen-peng2, SONG Wei-guo1,3, CHEN Shan-shan1
1. Institute of Agro-food Standards and Testing Technologies, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; 2. School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; 3. Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201106, China
Abstract：In the present study, the 50 fragrance materials were performed to determine the ecological toxicity on Microcystis aeruginosa. The influence of four fragrance materials (2-methoxynaphthalene, thymol, myrcene and indole) on the content of chlorophyll a and soluble protein, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were also studied. The results showed that 2-methoxynaphthalene, thymol, myrcene and indole can significantly inhibit the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa under high concentration exposure, and the half-effect concentration EyC50 value was 1.81, 1.26, 0.55 and 1.40mg/L, respectively, showing an obvious dose-effect relationship. At a treatment concentration of 1mg/L, 2-methoxynaphthalene and thymol significantly inhibited the content of chlorophyll a and soluble protein (P<0.0001). Exposure to 2-methoxynaphthalene resulted in a significant decrease in SOD activity (P<0.0001), the other two antioxidant enzymes had no significant effect (P>0.05); Thymol significantly inhibited POD activity (P<0.0001), and myrcene also reduced SOD activity (P<0.01). The activities of POD and CAT of Microcystis aeruginosa treated with indole were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.0001). Studies showed that these four fragrance materials inhibited the antioxidant enzyme activity, accumulate excessive MDA, and destroied the content and function of chlorophyll, which in turn leads to the abnormal growth of algae. 2-methoxynaphthalene, thymol and indole are aromatic compounds, and myrcene was an olefin. The difference in structure of the four fragrance compounds resulted to the different effects on antioxidant enzymes. 2-Methoxynaphthalene was a synthetic fragrance. Although thymol, myrcene and indole were all natural flavors, they were mostly prepared by artificial synthesis. The current findings will enrich the fundamental data for evaluating the risk and toxicity of fragrance materials on the ecosystems. Because of their unique aromatic odor, aromatic compounds have become a large category of fragrance materials and are widely used. However, the aromatic ring is stable and difficult to degrade, so we need to pay more attention to the ecological safety of the fragrance materials with aromatic ring structure.
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