Mechanism of the catalytic degradation of levofloxacin by acid-modified granular sludge carbons
YU Li1,2, LIU Yun-kang1, WEI Huang-zhao3, WANG Li3, ZHAO Ying3, WANG Sheng-zhe3, CHEN Li-li3, AN Hong-xiang2
1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; 2. China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China; 3. Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
Abstract:Granular sludge carbon was prepared from anaerobic granular sludge. After modified with acids, the granular sludge carbons were used for the degradation of levofloxacin (LEVO) in heterogeneous Fenton-like system. The adsorption rates were all lower than 5% when using granular sludge carbons modified with inorganic acids (i.e. GSC-H3PO4, GSC-H2SO4, and GSC-HCl) and the pristine one (i.e. GSC-0), whereas the adsorption rates were approximately 20% with granular sludge (GS) and granular sludge carbon modified with oxalic acid (GSC-H2C2O4). The heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction wasn't conducted until the adsorption equilibrium was achieved. The removal efficiencies of LEVO and total organic carbon (TOC) followed the order:GSC-H3PO4 > GSC-H2SO4 > GSC-HCl > GSC-H2C2O4, which were all higher than those reactions with GSC-0, GS and no catalyst. The iron content on the surface of GSC-H3PO4 was up to 12.73%, inducing the production of more ·OH, and thus promoted the degradation of organic pollutants. The LEVO and TOC removal rates with GSC-H3PO4 reached 98.5% and 51.9%, respectively. After GSC-H3PO4 was used for five times repeatedly, the iron leaching rate was below 0.8%, and the catalyststill maintained a high catalytic efficiency. A degradation pathway of LEVO was proposed based on the results of three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy and intermediates identification. In addition, GSC-H3PO4 was effective in the treatment of hospital wastewater.
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