乌梁素海水体微塑料空间分布规律及影响因素

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摘要为了研究乌梁素海水体中微塑料的分布规律,通过试验方法探究了湖泊不同点位处,不同密度、不同大小、不同形状的微塑料丰度,分析微塑料自身属性(密度、形状、尺寸)对其空间分布的影响.结果表明,密度范围为小于1.0g/cm³,1.0~1.2g/cm³和1.2~1.5g/cm³的微塑料在湖泊不同采样点处的丰度范围分别为(109.5±17.3)~(642±160) n/L,(160.5±57.3)~(588±104) n/L和(124.5±47.5)~(502.5±80.2) n/L;其中密度小于1.0g/cm³的微塑料在湖泊中丰度呈现出由北到南逐渐增多的趋势,密度为1.0~1.2g/cm³的微塑料丰度在湖泊中部多、南北部少,1.2~1.5g/cm³的微塑料呈现由北到南由多变少的趋势.尺寸为0.05~0.5mm,0.5~2mm和2~5mm的微塑料在湖泊中丰度范围分别为(70.5±8.8)~(805.5±154.7) n/L,(178.5±21.4)~(742.5±112.3) n/L和(0±0)~(217.5±22.8) n/L;尺寸在0.05~0.5mm的微塑料丰度呈现由北到南递增的趋势,尺寸为0.5~2mm和2~5mm的微塑料丰度呈现由北到南递减的趋势.形状为纤维状,碎片状、薄膜状和块状的微塑料在湖泊中丰度范围分别为(499.5±92.3)~(1126.5±228) n/L,(30±4.8)~(151.5±31.6) n/L,(4.5±0.8)~(229.5±61.6) n/L和(1.5±0.2)~(12±3.9) n/L;其中纤维状微塑料在各个采样点均占主导地位且分布均匀,碎片状、薄膜状和块状微塑料丰度较低,无明显规律.在拉曼光谱鉴定的所有微塑料中,聚丙烯(43%)是最常见的类型,其次是聚氯乙烯(18%)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(18%)、聚乙烯(11.7%)和聚苯乙烯(9.3%).

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关键词 ：微塑料, 乌梁素海, 空间分布规律, 影响因素, 拉曼光谱

Abstract：In order to investigate the distribution of microplastics in the water body of Ulansuhai, different densities, sizes and shapes of microplastics at different locations of the lake were observed for abundance by test methods, and the effects of properties (density, shape and size) of the microplastics on the spatial distribution were analyzed at the same time. The results showed that the abundance ranges of microplastics at different sampling sites in the lake with density ranges less than 1.0g/cm³, 1.0 ~1.2g/cm³ and 1.2 ~1.5g/cm³ were (109.5±17.3) ~(642±160) n/L, (160.5±57.3) ~(588±104) n/L and (124.5±47.5) ~(502.5±80.2) n/L respectively. For the microplastics with density less than 1.0g /cm3, the abundance in the lake increased gradually from north to south, for the microplastics with density 1.0~1.2g/cm³, the abundance in the middle of the lake was higher than in the north and south of the lake, and for the microplastics with density 1.2~1.5g/cm³, the abundance showed a decreasing trend from north to south. the abundance ranges of microplastics of sizes 0.05~0.5mm, 0.5~2mm and 2~5mm in the lake were (70.5±8.8)~(805.5±154.7) n/L, (178.5±21.4) ~(742.5±112.3) n/L and 0~(217.5±22.8) n/L respectively. The abundance of microplastics of size 0.05~0.5mm showed an increasing trend from north to south, and of sizes 0.5~2mm and 2~5mm showed a decreasing trend from north to south. The abundance ranges of fibrous, fragmentary, membranous and massive shapes of microplastics were (499.5±92.3)~(1126.5±228) n/L, (30±4.8) ~(151.5±31.6) n/L, (4.5±0.8)~(229.5±61.6) n/L and (1.5±0.2)~(12±3.9) n/L respectively. The fibrous microplastics were dominant and evenly distributed at all sampling points, while the fragmentary, membranous and massive microplastics were of low abundance without obvious regularity. of all microplastics identified by Raman spectroscopy, polypropylene (43%) was the most common type, followed by polyvinyl chloride (18%), polyethylene terephthalate (18%), polyethylene (11.7%) and polystyrene (9.3%).

Key words： microplastics Ulansuhai spatial distribution influence factors Raman spectroscopy

收稿日期: 2021-12-16

PACS:

X524

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(51909123);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFE0114800,2019YFC0409204);内蒙古高等学校科学研究项目(NJZY19057)

通讯作者: 史小红,教授,shixiaohong@imau.edu.cn E-mail: shixiaohong@imau.edu.cn

作者简介: 郝若男(1995-),女,内蒙古包头人,内蒙古农业大学硕士研究生,主要研究水环境中微塑料的迁移规律.发表论文1篇.

引用本文:

郝若男, 史小红, 刘禹, 张帆. 乌梁素海水体微塑料空间分布规律及影响因素[J]. 中国环境科学, 2022, 42(7): 3316-3324. HAO Ruo-nan, SHI Xiao-hong, LIU Yu, ZHANG Fan. Spatial distribution and influencing factors of microplastics in water of Ulansuhai. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2022, 42(7): 3316-3324.

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