南漪湖沉积物磷的赋存形态及对上覆水的影响

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摘要以宣城市南漪湖为例,采用改进的无机磷分级提取方法对全湖共39个点位沉积物中磷(P)赋存形态进行系统研究,并分析其与上覆水体、间隙水等相互关系。结果表明,南漪湖水体磷污染水平已经处于高位,沉积物间隙水磷与上覆水体磷空间分布特征具有密切关系。南漪湖沉积物中总磷(TP)含量变化范围为463.3~1016.6mg/kg,其中各形态磷空间分布具有明显的差异性,与外源磷输入等密切相关。赋存形态含量大小、相对比例顺序依次为:钙结合态磷(Ca-P)>铁结合态磷(Fe-P)>铝结合态磷(Al-P)>还原剂可溶性磷(RS-P)>残渣态磷(Res-P)>弱吸附态磷(L-P)。沉积物中TP含量与Fe-P、RS-P、Res-P极显著正相关,与L-P含量显著正相关。外源磷输入和水产养殖对南漪湖沉积物内源磷中Fe-P和RS-P贡献可能较大。南漪湖沉积物内源磷对上覆水体的潜在风险较高,其中生物有效性较高的L-P、Al-P、Fe-P和Rs-P的总和相对比例可达60%左右。沉积物中磷形态与间隙水磷浓度关系较密切,其中Al-P、Ca-P对间隙水中磷迁移转化具有重要影响。南漪湖主要出入湖河口沉积物磷的吸附解吸平衡浓度(EPC₀)变化范围为0.009~0.014mg/L,均表现为EPC₀<总溶解性活性磷浓度(SRP),主要河口沉积物目前仍为外源磷输入的汇。

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关键词 ：长江中下游, 南漪湖, 沉积物, 磷赋存形态, 迁移转化, 富营养化风险

Abstract：Fractions of phosphorus (P) in sediments were investigated by using an improved sequential extraction procedure for inorganic P in 39 sampling sites from Lake Nanyi, Xuancheng city, Province of Anhui, China. The relationships between P fractions in sediments, concentrations of P in the overlying water and pore water were analyzed. Results show that the concentrations of total P (TP) in the overlying water of Lake Nanyi were in a high level, which were closely related with concentrations of TP in the pore water. Contents of TP in the sediments of Lake Nanyi ranged from 463.3 to 1016.6 mg/kg. Spatial distribution of P fractions in sediments was significant difference, which was closely related with the inputs of external P. Contents and their relative percentages were decreased in the order that calcium-bound P (Ca-P)>iron-bound P (Fe-P)>aluminium-bound P (Al-P)>reduced soluble P (RS-P)>residual P (Res-P)>loosely absorbed and dissolved P (L-P). Contents of TP in the sediments were significantly correlated with Fe-P, RS-P, Res-P and L-P. Input of external P and aquiculture was likely contributed large of internal Fe-P and RS-P in sediments from Lake Nanyi. The potential risk of internal load of P in sediments was high, which bioavailable P fractions including L-P, Al-P, Fe-P, and Rs-P accounted for 60% approximately. Concentrations of P in pore water were closely related with the spatial distribution characteristics of P fractions in sediments. The main compositions of P including Al-P and Ca-P have important influence on migration and transformation of P in the pore water. The zero equilibrium P concentration (EPC₀) value of the sediments from the area of main river estuary ranged from 0.009 to 0.014 mg/L, which showed that the EPC₀

Key words： the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Lake Nanyi sediments phosphorus fractions migration and transformation eutrophication risk

收稿日期: 2022-04-02

PACS:

X524

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(42277075,41877380);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3201005);安徽省重点研发计划项目(202004i07020006);住建部科学技术计划项目(2019-K-138)

通讯作者: 朱元荣,研究员,zhuyuanrong07@mails.ucas.ac.cn E-mail: zhuyuanrong07@mails.ucas.ac.cn

作者简介: 谢发之(1976-),男,安徽定远人,安徽建筑大学,教授,博士,主要从事水体富营养化与水污染控制的基础理论和应用基础研究。发表论文60余篇。

引用本文:

谢发之, 罗锟, 朱元荣, 李海斌, 李国莲, 刘站, 李婉璐, 蔡格格. 南漪湖沉积物磷的赋存形态及对上覆水的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2022, 42(11): 5318-5327. XIE Fa-zhi, LUO Kun, ZHU Yuan-rong, LI Hai-bin, LI Guo-lian, LIU Zhan, LI Wan-lu, CAI Ge-ge. Characteristics of phosphorus fractions in sediments and its influence on the water quality of Lake Nanyi. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2022, 42(11): 5318-5327.

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