Antibiotics migration in surface runoff and leachate from purple soil
LIU Xin-yu1,2, LIU Chen2,3, TANG Xiang-yu2, ZHANG Jian-qiang1
1. Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; 3. Sichuan Yanting Agro-ecosystem Research Station in Chinese National Ecosystem Research Network, Mianyang 621600, China
Abstract：This study aimed to investigate the concentration, flux and dynamics of several antibiotics via soil hydrological processes responding to continuous natural rainfalls. Field trials were carried out in a chicken-raising orchard of typical calcareous purple soil located in the hilly area of central Sichuan province. The results showed that a drastic increase of the antibiotic concentrations in the surface runoff and leachate could be led by continuous heavy rainfalls under a saturation excess mechanism. During the rainfalls, the antibiotic concentrations fluctuated consistently corresponding to the rainfall intensity, while the leachate responded with a time lag between 15~30minutes. The mean concentrations of sulfonamides reached up to 1.22 and 4.07μg/L in the surface runoff and leachate, respectively. Along with the soil preferential flow, the strongly adsorptive quinolones and tetracyclines were detected in the leachate even in the beginning of the rainfall. Leaching was an important path for antibiotic migration in the studied purple soil, as the total flux of leachate was two orders of magnitude higher than that of surface runoff. Furthermore, the concentration and flux of antibiotics for the chicken manure plots were significantly higher than that in the control plot, suggesting that the manure-derived substrate had accelerated the antibiotics transport. The variation of pH value and colloid concentration during rainfalls caused changes in ionic forms of the antibiotics and their binding with colloids, thus being the main factors affecting the migration. According to statistics, positive correlations were observed between the concentration of antibiotics and colloids. pH value showed significantly positive correlations with sulfonamides, tetracyclines and tylosin, while negative correlations were observed for florfenicol and quinolones.
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