典型工程机械排放碳质气溶胶组成特征研究

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摘要为识别不同类型工程机械排放碳质气溶胶组成，选取叉车、压路机、平地机、推土机和挖掘机5种工程机械，并考虑怠速、行走、运行三种工况以及国Ⅰ前、国Ⅱ和国Ⅲ三种不同排放标准，对其排放细颗粒物（PM_2.5）进行采集，采用热光碳分析仪分析PM_2.5碳质组分.结果表明，有机碳（OC）平均占比为（70.1±13.2）%，元素碳（EC）的占比为（11.9±7.5）%.叉车、压路机、推土机和挖掘机排放OC中OC1占比最高为（58.0±9.5）%.而OC2为平地机OC主要部分，占比为（42.3±8.1）%.工程机械OC/EC比值的平均值为12.7±9.5，表明受工程机械排放影响的大气环境条件下，用最小比值法会高估大气中二次气溶胶的占比.不同类型工程机械的OC/EC比值在不同状态下变化范围较大，为3.0~36.3.叉车3、压路机、平地机和推土机排放的PM_2.5中OC/EC的比值在行走状态下比值最高，分别为24.9，15.7，36.3和5.3.叉车2和挖掘机1碳组分排放的比值在运行状态下达到最大值，分别为18.1和14.9.叉车1和挖掘机2中比值在怠速状态时为最大值.从国Ⅱ标准提高到国Ⅲ标准，叉车尾气中OC和EC的排放浓度分别平均下降了（36433.8±4528.6）μg/m³（24.6%）和（4209.9±151.4）μg/m³（19.8%）；挖掘机碳气溶胶的排放浓度分别下降了10582.8 μg/m³（36.2%）和2641.1 μg/m³（38.4%）.在碳质气溶胶源解析和清单编制中，应充分考虑工况和排放标准的影响.本研究可为完善非道路机械排放大气污染物控制措施、改进碳质气溶胶源解析结果和提高组分清单结果准确性提供支撑.

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	向璇
	孔少飞
	程溢
	胡尧
	苏维峰
	姚立全
	刘晓勇
	朱宽广
	丁峰
	刘巍
	祁士华

关键词 ：工程机械, PM_2.5, 碳质气溶胶, 运行工况, 排放标准

Abstract：This study selected five types of construction machineries, including forklifts, road roller, grader, bulldozer, and excavators, to study the impact of operating condition and emission standard on the composition of carbonaceous aerosols emitted from them. Three running conditions (idling, walking, and working) and three emission standards (pre-stage 1, stage 2 and stage 3 of the national emission standard) were considered. Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) were collected, and the carbonaceous components were analyzed using a thermal/optical carbon analyzer. Results showed that the average proportion of organic carbon (OC) and element carbon (EC) were (70.1±13.2)% and (11.9±7.5)%, respectively. For OC emitted from forklifts, road roller, bulldozer, and excavators, OC1 accounted for the highest proportion of 58.0%±9.5%, while OC2 was the main component emitted from grader, occupied by (42.3±8.1)%. The average value of OC/EC was 12.7±9.5, indicating that the minimum ratio method would overestimate the secondary organic aerosol contribution for the air impacted by construction machinery emissions. The OC/EC ratio varied in 3.0~36.3 for different types of construction machinery. The OC/EC ratios for forklift 3, roller, grader, and bulldozer reached the maximum values of 24.9,15.7,36.3 and 5.3 in walking state, respectively. The ratio for forklift 2 and excavator 2 peaked under operating condition, as 18.1 and 14.9, respectively. The maximum ratio for forklift 1and excavator 3 was for the idle state. From stage 2 to stage 3 of National emission standard, the OC and EC concentrations for forklift decreased by (36433.8±4528.6)μg/m³ (24.6%) and (4209.9±151.4)μg/m³ (19.8%), respectively. The carbonaceous aerosol emission concentrations of excavators decreased by 10582.8 μg/m³ (36.2%) and 2641.1μg/m³ (38.4%), respectively. For the source apportionment and emission inventory of carbonaceous aerosol, the influence of working conditions and emission standards should be considered. The data here can be used to assess and improve the feasibility of source apportionment and emission inventory establishment of carbonaceous aerosol.

Key words： construction machinery PM_2.5 carbonaceous aerosol operating condition emission standard

收稿日期: 2022-08-01

PACS:

X51

基金资助:武汉城市圈大气灰霾污染物立体监测与控制关键技术研究（2017ACA089）；荆门市细颗粒物和臭氧污染协同防控“一市一策”驻点跟踪研究项目（JMHAZB2021（D4-001）-077）

通讯作者: 孔少飞,教授,kongshaofei@cug.edu.cn E-mail: kongshaofei@cug.edu.cn

作者简介: 向璇(1999-),女,湖北宜昌人,中国地质大学(武汉)硕士研究生,主要研究方向为非道路机械和船舶排放大气污染物表征.

引用本文:

向璇, 孔少飞, 程溢, 胡尧, 苏维峰, 姚立全, 刘晓勇, 朱宽广, 丁峰, 刘巍, 祁士华. 典型工程机械排放碳质气溶胶组成特征研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(3): 1035-1043. XIANG Xuan, KONG Shao-fei, CHENG Yi, HU Yao, SU Wei-feng, YAO Li-quan, LIU Xiao-yong, ZHU Kuan-guang, DING Feng, LIU Wei, QI Shi-hua. Study on compositions of carbonaceous aerosols emitted by typical construction machinery. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(3): 1035-1043.

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