北部湾涠洲岛珊瑚礁区多环芳烃污染特征研究

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摘要采用气相色谱串联三重四极杆质谱仪(GC-MS/MS)对北部湾涠洲岛珊瑚礁区海水、沉积物和珊瑚中除萘(NAP)以外的15种优控多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染特征进行了研究.结果表明,涠洲岛珊瑚礁区海水、沉积物和珊瑚中普遍存在PAHs,且均以3环PAHs占优势(68.47%~85.62%).海水((2004.49±946.22) ng/L)、珊瑚组织((2487.58±1375.33) ng/g)和珊瑚共生虫黄藻((2496.76±979.26) ng/g)中PAHs总体积或质量(干重)浓度(∑₁₅PAHs)较高,而沉积物((61.38±37.41) ng/g)中∑₁₅PAHs较低.与2015年10月的水体和珊瑚组织相比,本次调查的涠洲岛珊瑚礁区PAHs污染显著加重.珊瑚共生虫黄藻中∑₁₅PAHs与其叶绿素a浓度((2.14±1.92) mg/L)呈现显著的负相关性(P<0.05),表明生物稀释效应对珊瑚共生虫黄藻中∑₁₅PAHs具有重要影响,即共生虫黄藻繁殖与生长过快将会导致叶绿素a浓度升高而∑₁₅PAHs降低.生态风险评价表明,涠洲岛珊瑚礁区海水中大部分3环和4环PAHs已处于对海洋生物的中高生态风险,而沉积物中仅芴(FLU)、菲(PHE)和芘(PYR)对海洋生物达到中度生态风险,有关PAHs对珊瑚共生虫黄藻的毒性效应仍需进一步研究.源解析结果表明涠洲岛珊瑚礁区海水中PAHs主要来源于石油泄漏以及煤和生物质燃烧,沉积物中PAHs主要来源于石油泄漏和化石燃料燃烧.

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关键词 ：珊瑚, 多环芳烃(PAHs), 生物富集, 风险评价, 来源解析

Abstract：The 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that were prioritized by US EPA (excluding naphthalene) were investigated in ambient seawater, sediments, and corals from the coral reef regions (CRRs) of Weizhou Island, Beibu Gulf. The results show that these PAHs widely presented in the seawater, sediments, and corals. All of them were dominated by 3-rings PAHs (68.47%~85.62%). The total concentration of 15PAHs (∑₁₅PAHs) was relatively higher in the seawater ((2004.49±946.22) ng/L), coral tissues ((2488.58±1375.33) ng/g), and symbiotic zooxanthellae ((2496.76±979.26) ng/g), while lower in the sediment ((61.38±37.41) ng/g). Compared with the seawater and coral tissues in October 2015, the PAHs’ levels were significantly higher in this survey. The negative relationship between ∑₁₅PAHs and chlorophyll-a concentration ((2.14±1.92) mg/L) in coral symbiotic zooxanthellae was significant (P<0.05), indicating that the biomass dilution had a crucial effect on the ∑₁₅PAHs in coral symbiotic zooxanthellae, i.e., the rapid propagation and growth of coral symbiotic zooxanthellae would lead to the increase in chlorophyll-a concentration and the decrease in ∑₁₅PAHs. The most of the 3-rings and 4-rings PAHs in the seawater from Weizhou Island CRRs were already at the medium-high ecological risk to marine organisms, while fluorene (FLU), phenanthrene (PHE), and pyrene (PYR) in the sediment reached the moderate ecological risk to marine organisms. Further studies on the toxic effects of PAHs on coral symbiotic zooxanthellae are needed. Finally, the source apportionment indicates that the PAHs in the seawater were mainly from spilled oil and coal and biomass combustion, and the PAHs in sediment were mainly from spilled oil and fossil fuels combustion.

Key words： corals polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bioaccumulation risk assessment source apportionment

收稿日期: 2022-09-06

PACS:

X55

基金资助:广西自然科学基金资助项目(2020GXNSFDA297005);广西南海珊瑚礁研究重点实验室自主课题项目(GXLSCRSCS2021101);广西壮族自治区大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202110593172);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42030502,42090041)

通讯作者: 张瑞杰,副教授,rjzhang@gxu.edu.cn E-mail: rjzhang@gxu.edu.cn

作者简介: 史敬文(2000-),男,江苏扬州人,广西大学本科生,海洋科学专业.1910010214@st.gxu.edu.cn.

引用本文:

史敬文, 张瑞杰, 韩民伟, 王煜轩, 王辰燕, 李浩蓝, 康亚茹, 刘方, 覃素丽, 余克服. 北部湾涠洲岛珊瑚礁区多环芳烃污染特征研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(4): 1802-1811. SHI Jing-wen, ZHANG Rui-jie, HAN Min-wei, WANG Yu-xuan, WANG Chen-yan, LI Hao-lan, KANG Ya-ru, LIU Fang, QIN Su-li, YU Ke-fu. Pollution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the coral reef regions of Weizhou Island, Beibu Gulf. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(4): 1802-1811.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2023/V43/I4/1802

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